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. 2019 Jul 5;74(11):1020–1030. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211793

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Urban–rural gradient in asthma prevalence in low-income and middle-income countries. asthma definition: (*) exercise challenge test, (**) wheeze ever, (***) asthma questionnaire, (****) doctor diagnosis. All other studies were defined using current wheeze.