Table 4.
Demographics, supplement intake and blood micronutrients in smokers
| Characteristics | Smoking status | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non‐smoker | Smoker | ||
| n | 116 | 21 | |
| Maternal age | 34 (32–35) | 30 (27–33) | 0.028 |
| Maternal BMI | 28 (27–29) | 31 (27–34) | 0.115 |
| Birthweight g | 3290 (3155–3433) | 2889 (2530–3248) | 0.039 |
| Growth centile | 52 (47–57) | 35 (18–52) | 0.029 |
| Gestational age | 267 (264–272) | 260 (253–267) | 0.087 |
| B Vitamin supplements | |||
| Folic acid | 93 (80.2%) | 17 (81.0%) | 1.00 |
| Vitamin B12 | 59 (54.6%) | 6 (28.6%) | 0.034 |
| Vitamin B6 | 58 (53.7%) | 7 (33.3%) | 0.100 |
| Blood micronutrients | |||
| Hcy µmol/L | 4.4 (4.1–4.6) | 6.0 ± (5.0–6.9) | <0.001 |
| RBC folate nmol/L | 687 (647–727) | 463 (354–571) | <0.001 |
| Serum folate nmol/L | 27.3 (25.5–29.0) | 22.6 (17.9–27.3) | 0.035 |
| Serum B12 pmol/L | 244 (217–271) | 209 (144–273) | 0.317 |
| RBC B6%* | 41.5 (38.4–44.6) | 44.5 (38.1–50.9) | 0.448 |
Values are mean (95% confidence interval) or numbers (percentage) calculated using t‐tests and chi‐squared analyses. BMI, body mass index; RBC, red blood cell. *Based on pyridoxal phosphate activation activity that is inversely related to vitamin B6 concentration. Bold indicates P values that are significant (P < 0.050).