Table 1.
Nutrient composition of fortified beverages (containing no milk or fat) compared with MMN supplement (UNIMMAP)
| Nutrients | Fortified beverages in Tanzania (per day) (Latham et al. 2003) | Fortified beverages in Bangladesh (one serving) (Hyder et al. 2007) | UNIMMAP (daily dose) (Kaestel et al. 2005) | RNI WHO/FAO (2004) for pregnant women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | % of RNIs | Amount | % of RNIs | Amount | % of RNIs | ||
| Energy (kcal) | 176 | ||||||
| Vitamin A (IU) | 1750 | 66 | 1296 | 65 | 2664 | 100 | 2664 |
| Vitamin D3 (µg) | 5 | 100 | 5 | ||||
| Vitamin E (mg) | 10.5 | 70 | 10 | 133 | 10 | 67 | 15* |
| Thiamine (mg) | 1.4 | 100 | 1.4 | ||||
| Riboflavin (mg) | 0.6 | 43 | 0.91 | 91 | 1.4 | 100 | 1.4 |
| Niacin (mg) | 5 | 28 | 5.0 | 31 | 18 | 100 | 18 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.7 | 37 | 1.0 | 83 | 1.9 | 100 | 1.9 |
| Folic acid (µg) | 140 | 23 | 120 | 30 | 400 | 67 | 600 |
| Vitamin B12 (µg) | 3 | 115 | 1.0 | 42 | 2.6 | 100 | 2.6 |
| Ascorbic acid (mg) | 72 | 131 | 120 | 300 | 70 | 127 | 55 |
| Biotin (µg) | 30 | ||||||
| Calcium (mg) | 1200 | ||||||
| Phosphorus (mg) | 700* | ||||||
| Magnesium (mg) | 220 | ||||||
| Iron (mg) | 5.4 | 20 | 7 | 47 | 30 | 111 | 27* |
| Zinc (mg) | 5.25 | 53 | 7.5 | 83 | 15 | 150 | 10 ‡ |
| Copper (mg) | 2.0 | 174 | 1.15 † | ||||
| Selenium (µg) | 65 | 217 | 30 | ||||
| Iodine (µg) | 45 | 23 | 75 | 50 | 150 | 75 | 200 |
IU, International Units; UNIMMAP, United Nations international multiple micronutrient preparation; RNI, recommended nutrient intake. IOM *(Food and Nutrition Board, 2002/2005), from dietary recommended intakes females 19–50 years.†From Food and Agriculture Organization/IAEA/World Health Organization, trace elements in human nutrition and health (1996).‡Assume moderate bioavailability of zinc during the third trimester.