Table 7.
Nutrient composition of formulated protein‐energy drink
| Nutrients | Taiwan chocolate‐ liquid supplement (Adair & Pollitt 1985) | Indonesia high‐energy drink (Kardjati et al. 1988) | US – high protein drink (per 16 oz) (Rush et al. 1980) | US – balanced protein drink (per 16 oz) (Rush et al. 1980) | RNI WHO/FAO (2004) for pregnant women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amount | % of RNIs | Amount | % of RNIs | Amount | % of RNIs | Amount | % of RNIs | ||
| Energy (kcal) | 400 | 18 | 465 | 21 | 470 | 21 | 322 | 15 | 2200 † |
| Protein (g) | 20 | 28 | 7.1 | 10 | 40 | 56 | 6 | 8 | 71 † |
| Fats (g) | 13.3 | 25.8 | 8.6 | 7.6 | |||||
| Milk fat | |||||||||
| Vegetable fat | |||||||||
| n‐3 PUFA | 1.4 † | ||||||||
| n‐6 PUFA | 13 † | ||||||||
| Carbohydrates (g) | 50 | 29 | 46.5 | 27 | 55 | 31 | 57.4 | 33 | 175 † |
| Fiber (g) | 0.5 | 2 | 28 † | ||||||
| Lactose (g) | |||||||||
| Vitamin A (IU) | 2500 | 94 | 6000 | 225 | 4000 | 150 | 2664 | ||
| Vitamin D3 (µg) | 5 | 100 | 10 | 200 | 10 | 200 | 5 | ||
| Vitamin E (mg) | 3.3 | 22 | 30 | 200 | 15 † | ||||
| Thiamin (mg) | 0.8 | 57 | 3 | 214 | 3 | 214 | 1.4 | ||
| Riboflavin (mg) | 0.9 | 64 | 15 | 1071 | 15 | 1071 | 1.4 | ||
| Niacin (mg) | 10 | 56 | 15 | 83 | 15 | 83 | 18 | ||
| Vitamin B6 (mg) | 0.8 | 42 | 2.5 | 132 | 2.5 | 132 | 1.9 | ||
| Folic acid (µg) | 350 | 58 | 350 | 58 | 600 | ||||
| Vitamin B12 (µg) | 1.0 | 38 | 8 | 308 | 3 | 115 | 2.6 | ||
| Pantothenic acid (mg) | 3.68 | 61 | 1.0 | 17 | 1.0 | 17 | 6.0 | ||
| Ascorbic acid (mg) | 37.5 | 68 | 60 | 109 | 60 | 109 | 55 | ||
| Biotin (µg) | 200 | 667 | 30 | ||||||
| Sodium (mg) | 200 | 13 | 1500 † | ||||||
| Potassium (mg) | 900 | 19 | 4700 † | ||||||
| Calcium (mg) | 500 | 42 | 1000 | 83 | 250 | 21 | 1200 | ||
| Phosphorus (mg) | 400 | 57 | 700 † | ||||||
| Magnesium (mg) | 100 | 45 | 12 | 5 | 220 | ||||
| Iron (mg) | 6.0 | 22 | 138 † | 118 | 437 | 27 † | |||
| Zinc (mg) | 4 | 40 | 0.084 | 1 | 10 § | ||||
| Copper (mg) | 0.5 | 43 | 2 | 174 | 0.15 | 13 | 1.15 ‡ | ||
| Manganese (mg) | 1.0 | 50 | 2.0 † | ||||||
| Iodine (µg) | 150 | 75 | 100 | 50 | 200 | ||||
| Selenium (µg) | 30 | ||||||||
IU, International Unit; RNI, recommended nutrient intake. † Food and Nutrition Board, (2002/2005); energy is calculated for a low active pregnant woman aged 30 years in the second trimester with a body mass index of 18.5 kg/m2 and height 1.55 m (Food and Nutrition Board, 2002) females 19–50 years. ‡From Food and Agriculture Organization/IAEA/WHO, Trace elements in human nutrition and health (1996). §Assume moderate bioavailability of zinc during the third trimester.