Table 8.
Author | Site | Study design | Subjects | Study group | Control group | Intake | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adair (Adair & Pollitt 1985) | Taiwan, China | Placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded RCT (multivitamin mineral supplements provided to both groups) | Women 3 weeks after first birth through first lactation, second pregnancy and second lactation (15 months) | Chocolate flavoured nutrient dense drink (400 kcal per serving) | Placebo drink (3 kcal before 06/1971 and 43 kcal after, per serving) | 17 oz | Significantly heavier in post‐treatment than in pre‐treatment for male babies (3216 g vs. 3054 g); maternal haematocrits significantly greater (35.3% vs. 33%). |
Kardjati (Kardjati et al. 1988) | Indonesia | RCT | Women at 26–28 weeks of gestation | High‐energy drink (465 kcal per serving) ‘jamu’ | Low‐energy drink (52 kcal per serving, 6.2 g protein) | 200 mL (465 kcal, 7.1 g protein) | No significant effects |
Rush (Rush et al. 1980) | New York, USA | RCT with stratification | Women <30 weeks of gestation | Fortified protein‐energy drink (473 kcal with 40 g casein) | Low protein‐energy drink (322 kcal and 6 g casein) or MMN supplements | 473 mL (326/470 kcal from the treatment, 233/322 kcal from the complement drink | No significant effects on birthweight; for heavy smokers, supplements had effects to prevent birthweight deficit; high protein supplement significantly increased very early premature delivery and neonatal death (3.2% vs. 1.1%); and improved visual habituation, visual dishabituation, and the mean length of free play episodes |
MMN, multiple micronutrient; RCT, randomized controlled trial.