Table 26.
Impact on plasma vitamin A concentration of complementary feeding interventions
| Author | Site | Target group | Study groups | n | Vitamin A dose (µg RE) | Mean plasma retinol (µg dL−1) | % low (<20 µg dL−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Efficacy trials | |||||||
| Lartey et al. (1999) | Ghana | 12 months | Fortified maize/legume | 29 | 658 day−1 | 28.0 ± (8.6)* | 10.4* |
| Maize/legume/fish | 34 | 0 | 24.0 ± (11.4) | 34.3 | |||
| Maize/fish | 32 | 0 | 26.3 ± (8.6) | 28.1 | |||
| Maize/legume | 37 | 0 | 26.6 ± (11.4) | 27.0 | |||
| Faber et al. (2005) | South Africa | 12–18 months | Fortified maize | 68 (phase 1) | 500 day−1 | 34.6 ± (10.0)* | NA |
| 71 (phase 2) | 500 day−1 | 22.9 ± (8.6) | NA | ||||
| Unfortified maize | 71 (phase 1) | 0 | 31.5 ± (8.0) | NA | |||
| 64 (phase 2) | 0 | 27.2 ± (7.4) | NA | ||||
| Smuts et al. (2005) | South Africa | 12–18 months | Daily MMN | 49 | 375 day−1 | +1.7 ± (1.1) | NA |
| Weekly MMN | 46 | 750 week−1 | −0.3 ± (1.4) | NA | |||
| Daily iron | 49 | 0 | −1.4 ± (1.4) | NA | |||
| Placebo | 50 | 0 | −0.6 ± (1.4) (change from baseline) | NA | |||
| Oelofse et al. (2003) | South Africa | 18 months | Fortified food | 16 | 360 day−1 | 26.8 ± (6.6)* | NA |
| Control | 14 | 0 | 21.4 ± (5.7) | NA | |||
| Zlotkin et al. (2003) | Ghana | 14–26 months | Sprinkles™ with Fe + vitamin A | 55 | 600 day−1 | 21.2 ± (8.6) | NA |
| Sprinkles™ with Fe | 47 | 0 | 22.3 ± (6.6) | NA | |||
| Programmes | |||||||
| Lutter et al. (2006) | Ecuador | 20–26 months | Programme | 74 | 83 day−1 | 31.0 ± (6.7)* | 6.7 |
| Control | 80 | 0 | 28.4 ± (7.8) | 15.4 | |||
| López de Romaña (2000) | Peru | 6–23 months | Intervention | 60 | 649 day−1 | 28.2 ± (7.0) | 36 baseline 8 final |
| Control | 47 | 0 | 27.7 ± (6.4) | NA | |||
MMN, multiple micronutrients; NA, not available. *Means are significantly different from control (P < 0.05).