Table 3.
Summary of educational messages given to mothers
| Author | Educational messages | Message delivered by | Message delivered at |
|---|---|---|---|
| Efficacy trials | |||
| Bhandari et al. (2001) | Not specified: based on negotiating with mother changes that could be implemented in a feasible and sustainable way | Community‐based workers | Homes |
| Bhandari et al. (2004) | a. Continue breastfeeding throughout 6–24 months | Community‐based workers/health facility staff | Homes, community centres, health facility |
| b. Start complementary foods at around 6 months: use thick purees, increase frequency with age | |||
| c. Use responsive feeding | |||
| d. Wash hands | |||
| e. Continue to feed sick child | |||
| Hotz & Gibson (2005) | a. Give thicker porridges, instead of lighter porridges | Community‐based workers | Community centres |
| b. Use ARF to reduce viscosity | |||
| c. Add fish/meat to child's food if possible. | |||
| d. Add nutrient‐dense foods (e.g. egg, banana) to child's porridge | |||
| e. Serve child's food on a separate plate | |||
| f. Offer the child more food if inadequate portion sizes were consumed | |||
| g. Give nutritious snacks between meals | |||
| Kapur et al. (2003) | a. Start complementary foods by 6 months | Community‐based workers | Community centres |
| b. Provide foods of appropriate consistency, quality and quantity | |||
| c. Give small, but frequent feedings | |||
| d. Initiate child to family food by 1 year | |||
| e. Include iron‐rich foods | |||
| f. Give vitamin C‐rich foods with meals | |||
| g. Cook food in iron vessels | |||
| h. Avoid Fe absorption inhibitors such as tea | |||
| i. Maintain good hygiene | |||
| Penny et al. (2005) | 3 key messages: | Health facility staff | Health facility |
| a. Use thick purees instead of soups and at each meal give puree first | |||
| b. Add a special food to your baby's serving (e.g. chicken liver, egg or fish) | |||
| c. Teach your child to eat with love, patience and good humour | |||
| Roy et al. (2005) | a. Prepare food with adequate energy and nutrient density using locally available foods | Community based workers | Community centres |
| b. Use separate feeding pot for child | |||
| Santos et al. (2001) | a. Increase frequency of breastfeeds/complementary feeds | Health facility staff | Health facility |
| b. Give animal protein and micronutrient‐rich foods (egg, chicken liver, shredded chicken and beef) | |||
| c. Add oil to food | |||
| d. Increase energy and nutrient density by giving mashed beans instead of the broth and by giving thick papa instead of soup | |||
| Vitolo et al. (2005) | Based on ‘Ten Steps to Healthy Feeding’: | Community‐based nutrition educators | Homes |
| a. Feed only breastmilk for up to 6 months | |||
| b. Gradually introduce other foods after 6 months while maintaining breastfeeding | |||
| c. Give CF 3× per day after 6 months | |||
| d. Ensure that no schedules impair the offering of CF | |||
| e. Offer ‘thick’ foods using spoons | |||
| f. Offer child different foods during the day | |||
| g. Stimulate daily consumption of fruits/vegetables | |||
| h. Avoid sugar and other junk foods | |||
| i. Pay attention to hygiene and proper handling of food | |||
| j. Stimulate sick/convalescent to eat | |||
| Gartner et al. (2007) | Not specified | ||
| Guldan et al. (2000) | a. Bottle feeding may be dangerous | Community‐based nutrition educators | Homes |
| b. Frequent suckling on demand is best | |||
| c. After 4–6 months give daily hard‐boiled egg yolk, at first mixed with some breastmilk, thereafter give thickened rice porridge and other foods | |||
| d. Baby needs breastmilk for at least a year and needs other foods daily | |||
| e. Use home‐produced food and the family diets | |||
| Guyon et al. (2006) | Not specified, but emphasized, among others: | ||
| a. Promotion of feasible Essential Nutrition Actions that families can take | |||
| Age‐appropriate nutrition services and messages in the health system and the community | |||
| Hossain et al. (2005b) | Not specified, but focused on: | Community‐based workers | Community centres |
| a. Breastfeeding promotion | |||
| b. Caring practices | |||
| c. Personal hygiene | |||
| d. Use of iodized salt | |||
| Kilaru et al. (2005) | Not specified but based on: | Community‐based workers | Homes |
| a. Use of appropriate local foods and preparation of these foods | |||
| b. Appropriate feeding frequency | |||
| c. Gradually increasing food diversity | |||
| d. Complementary feeding followed by breastfeeding | |||
| e. Avoidance of feeding bottles | |||
| Lutter et al. (2006) | Not specified: based on raising awareness about good early child nutrition | Health workers | Health facility |
| López de Romaña (2000) | Not specified but based on: | Community‐based workers | Community centres |
| a. Nutritional needs of children of this age | |||
| b. Breastfeeding promotion | |||
| c. Preparation and administration of Ali Alimentu | |||
| Maluccio & Flores (2004) | Not specified but based on: | Community centres | |
| a. Breastfeeding | |||
| b. Child feeding | |||
| c. Illness care | |||
| d. Household sanitation and hygiene | |||
| Rivera et al. (2004) | Not stated | Health workers | Health facility |
| Schroeder et al. (2002) | Not specified but based on: | Community‐based volunteers | Community centres |
| a. Breastfeeding | |||
| b. Food variety | |||
| c. Complementary feeding | |||
| d. Health care | |||
| e. Taking care of healthy children at home | |||
ARF, amylase‐rich flour; CF, complementary food.