Table 7.

Impact on growth outcomes of interventions in which complementary foods were fortified with additional micronutrients*

Author	Site	Target group	Study groups	n	Weight	Length/height	% underweight	% stunted
Efficacy
Adu‐Afarwuah et al. (2007)	Ghana	6 months	SP or NT	200	−0.71 ± 1.10	−0.42 ± 1.10
			No intervention	96	−0.74 ± 1.10	−0.40 ± 1.00
					ES: 0.03 (WAZ)	ES: −0.02 (LAZ)
Dhingra et al. (2004)	India	12–36 months	Milk powder + micronutrients	289	2.13 ± 0.58 †	0.24 ± 0.45 †
			Milk powder	281	1.92 ± 0.55	0.05 ± 0.4
					ES: 0.37 (Wt gain)	ES: 0.45 (LAZ change)
Faber et al. (2005)	South Africa	6–12 months	Food + micronutrients	145	10.7 ± 1.4	76.1 ± 3.3
			Food	147	10.7 ± 1.6	75.7 ± 3.8
					ES: 0 (Wt)	ES: 0.11 (Lt)
Giovannini et al. (2006)	Cambodia	6 months	MMN Sprinkles™	65	−1.25 ± 0.79 ‡	−1.56 ± 1.0 §
			Placebo	62	−1.08 ± 0.79 ‡	−1.63 ± 1.0 §
					ES: −0.22 (WAZ)	ES: 0.07 (LAZ)
Lartey et al. (1999)	Ghana	6 months	Fortified cereal/legume	47	1.3 ± 0.5	7.0 ± 1.4
			Cereal/legume/fish	143	1.2 ± 0.5	6.9 ± 1.2
					ES: 0.20 (Wt gain)	ES: 0.08 (Lt gain)
Smuts et al. (2005)	South Africa	6–12 months	Daily MMN foodlet	49	−0.25 ± 0.84	−1.11 ± 0.98
			Placebo	50	−0.5 ± 0.91	−1.16 ± 0.94
					ES: 0.29 (WAZ change)	ES: 0.05 (LAZ)

ES, effect size; LAZ, length‐for‐age z‐score; MMN, multiple micronutrients; SP or NT, Sprinkles or Nutritabs; WAZ, weight‐for‐age z‐score. *Weight (Wt) and length/height (Lt) refer to the growth outcome shown in parentheses (units: Wt in kg; Lt in cm), which is also the outcome that gave the largest effect size in studies that reported more than one weight or length outcome. Italicized SD values are estimates. ^†Means are significantly different (P < 0.05). ^‡SD values are estimates from subjects of similar age from Vietnam (Schroeder et al. 2002). ^§SD values are estimates assuming that LAZ has N(0, 1) distribution.