Table 2.
Mean (SD) of within‐group and between‐group changes (Δ) in physical and biochemical variables in different steps of the study (2 months vs. baseline, and 6 months vs. 2 months)
| PNMO | POMN | POMA | P‐value between groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 months (n = 112) | 6 months (n = 95) | 2 months (n = 114) | 6 months (n = 98) | 2 months (n = 115) | 6 months (n = 105) | 2 months | 6 months | |
| Δ BMI (kg m2) | 0.2 (0.05) | 0.2 (0.04) | −1.1 (0.2)* | −0.7 (0.1) | −1.2 (0.3)* | −0.6 (0.1) | 0.01 § | 0.02 § |
| Δ WC (cm) | −0.4 (0.05) | −0.2 (0.04) | −2.1 (0.4)* | −1.4 (0.3) † | −2.5 (0.4)* | −1.1 (0.2) † | 0.01 § | 0.01 § |
| Δ Skinfold (mm) | −0.07 (0.001) | −0.05 (0.001) | −0.3 (0.001) | −0.1 (0.001) | −0.4 (0.001) | −0.1 (0.001) | NS | NS |
| Δ Fat mass (kg) | −1.7 (0.2)* | −0.4 (0.1) | −2.6 (0.3)* | −1.2 (0.1) † | −3.7 (0.5)* | −1.7 (0.2) † | 0.02 [Link] , [Link] | 0.01 § |
| Δ FBG (mg dL−1) | −0.7 (0.07) | −0.2 (0.01) | −1.1 (0.4) | −0.7 (0.05) | −3.2 (0.6) | −1.4 (0.1) | NS | NS |
| Δ TC (mg dL−1) | −3.1 (0.4)* | −2.4 (0.5) | −1.2 (0.1) | −0.8 (0.4) | −4.1 (0.4)* | −2.8 (0.6) | 0.01 ‡ | 0.02 ‡ |
| Δ LDL‐C (mg dL−1) | −3.2 (0.5)* | −1.8 (0.3) † | −0.7 (0.1) | −0.5 (0.03) | −3.1 (0.7)* | −1.7 (0.1) † | 0.03 ‡ | 0.01 ‡ |
| Δ HDL‐C (mg dL−1) | 1.2 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.2) | 0.7 (0.5) | 0.6 (0.02) | 1.7 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.2) | NS | NS |
| Δ TG (mg dL−1) | −11.6 (2.5)* | −7.2 (1.5) † | −5.4 (1.7) | −2.7 (0.5) | −18.4 (5.1)* | −12.4 (2.8) † | <0.0001 [Link] , [Link] | <0.0001 [Link] , [Link] |
| Δ CRP (mg L−1) | −0.4 (0.05)* | −0.3 (0.01) † | −0.1 (0.01) | −0.1 (0.02) | −0.5 (0.04)* | −0.3 (0.07) † | 0.04 ‡ | 0.04 ‡ |
| Δ SBP (mm Hg) | −0.7 (0.5) | −0.1 (0.1) | −0.4 (0.05) | −0.2 (0.01) | −1.2 (0.2)* | −0.8 (0.1) | 0.02 [Link] , [Link] | 0.04 [Link] , [Link] |
| Δ DBP (mm Hg) | −0.4 (0.5) | −0.2 (0.05) | −0.1 (0.01) | −0.1 (0.08) | −0.8 (0.1) | −0.4 (0.08) | NS | NS |
BMI, body mass index; CRP, C‐ reactive protein; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; NS, not significant; PNMO, phenotypically normal metabolically obese; POMA, phenotypically obese metabolically abnormal; POMN, phenotypically obese metabolically normal; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; WC, waist circumference. *P < 0.05 for within‐group difference of 2 months after the beginning of the intervention vs. the baseline. † P < 0.05 for within‐group difference of 6 months vs. 2 months after the beginning of the intervention. ‡ P < 0.05 for comparison of POMN vs. POMA groups. § P < 0.05 for comparison of POMA vs. PNMO groups. All differences were significant between POMN and PNMO groups except those marked NS between the three groups.