Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects and crude odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for delayed onset of lactation
| Variable | Onset of lactation | Crude OR | 95% CI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ≤72 h | >72 h | |||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| Maternal age (years) | 28.2 | 5.6 | 29.7 | 5.1 | 1.04 | 0.99–1.10 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.2 | 1.3 | 39.1 | 1.3 | 0.94 | 0.75–1.16 |
| Mother’s IIFAS* | 65.4 | 7.5 | 65.7 | 7.0 | 1.01 | 0.97–1.04 |
| n | % | n | % | |||
| First infant‐to‐breast contact | ||||||
| <30 min | 168 | 42.0 | 12 | 22.6 | 1.00 | |
| ≥30 min | 232 | 58.0 | 41 | 77.4 | 2.48 | 1.26–4.85 |
| Infant’s first feed | ||||||
| Colostrum/breastmilk | 349 | 87.5 | 46 | 86.8 | 1.00 | |
| Formula/other | 50 | 12.5 | 7 | 13.2 | 1.06 | 0.45–2.48 |
| Delivery method | ||||||
| Vaginal delivery | 280 | 70.4 | 27 | 50.9 | 1.00 | |
| Caesarean delivery | 118 | 29.6 | 26 | 49.1 | 2.28 | 1.28–4.08 |
| Parity | ||||||
| Multiparous | 251 | 62.8 | 23 | 43.4 | 1.00 | |
| Primiparous | 149 | 37.3 | 30 | 56.6 | 2.19 | 1.23–3.92 |
| Infant admitted to special care nursery | ||||||
| No | 342 | 87.2 | 50 | 94.3 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 50 | 12.8 | 3 | 5.7 | 0.41 | 0.12–1.37 |
| Night‐time rooming‐in | ||||||
| All night | 212 | 53.0 | 28 | 52.8 | 1.00 | |
| Part of the night | 144 | 36.0 | 19 | 35.8 | 0.99 | 0.54–1.86 |
| Separated at night | 44 | 11.0 | 6 | 11.3 | 1.03 | 0.40–2.64 |
| Mother smoked during pregnancy | ||||||
| No | 249 | 62.3 | 28 | 53.3 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 151 | 37.8 | 24 | 46.2 | 1.41 | 0.79–2.53 |
| Mother’s BMI (kg m−2) | ||||||
| <18.5 | 32 | 8.3 | 1 | 2.0 | 0.26 | 0.03–1.94 |
| 18.5–24.99 | 229 | 59.6 | 28 | 57.1 | 1.00 | |
| 25.0–29.99 | 72 | 18.8 | 10 | 20.4 | 1.14 | 0.53–2.45 |
| ≥30 | 51 | 13.3 | 10 | 20.4 | 1.60 | 0.73–3.51 |
*
Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS): scores could range from 17 (indicative of attitudes which favour formula feeding) to 85 (indicative of attitudes favouring breastfeeding). BMI, body mass index.