Table 1.
Cohort characteristics at baseline
| All subjects (N=330) |
Case (n=165) |
Control (n=165) |
P value | |
| Age, years | 62.7 (58.7–67.5) | 62.9 (59.0–67.3) | 62.5 (58.5–67.6) | 0.781† |
| Female, n (%) | 146 (44) | 73 (44) | 73 (44) | 1.000‡ |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian, n (%) | 219 (66) | 111 (67) | 108 (65) | 0.464 |
| Black, n (%) | 53 (16) | 27 (16) | 26 (16) | |
| Hispanic, n (%) | 22 (7) | 13 (8) | 9 (5) | |
| Other, n (%) | 36 (11) | 14 (8) | 22 (13) | |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 32.2±5.3 | 32.0±5.3 | 32.3±5.4 | 0.551¶ |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 187±47 | 191±50 | 184±45 | 0.214¶ |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 39 (34–47) | 38 (33–47) | 41 (36–49) | 0.043* |
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 103 (81–127) | 106 (81–131) | 102 (81–125) | 0.356 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 163 (117–242) | 168 (127–261) | 159 (112–235) | 0.078 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 137±17 | 139±18 | 136±17 | 0.050¶ |
| HbA1c, % | 8.2 (7.6–9.0) | 8.3 (7.6–9.2) | 8.1 (7.6–8.9) | 0.144 |
| 10-year ASCVD risk, % | 23.5 (15.3–32.1) | 23.4 (15.4–33.3) | 23.5 (13.5–30.1) | 0.038* |
| eGFR, mL/min | 88.4 (72.3–104.9) | 87.5 (71.8–104.5) | 88.9 (73.1–105.1) | 0.399 |
| Fasting plasma glucose, mg/dL | 165 (135–200) | 162 (132–201) | 169 (138–198) | 0.801 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never, n (%) | 157 (48) | 80 (48) | 77 (47) | 0.855§ |
| Former, n (%) | 138 (42) | 69 (42) | 69 (42) | |
| Current, n (%) | 35 (11) | 16 (10) | 19 (12) | |
| ACEI and/or ARB, n (%) | 226 (68) | 114 (69) | 112 (68) | 0.815‡ |
| β-blocker, n (%) | 73 (22) | 38 (23) | 35 (21) | 0.892‡ |
| Statin, n (%) | 187 (57) | 91 (55) | 96 (58) | 0.653‡ |
| Antiplatelet, n (%) | 169 (51) | 83 (50) | 86 (52) | 0.740‡ |
Variables expressed as mean±SD, median (IQR), or n (%).
*P value <0.05 considered significant.
†Wilcoxon signed rank test.
‡McNemar’s test.
§Marginal homogeneity test for paired subjects.
¶Paired t-test.
ACEI, ACE inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.