Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study cohorts
| Candidate predictor | Test domain | Derivation cohort n=2282 |
Validation cohort n=950 |
| Cardiovascular deaths, n (%) | Outcome | 275 (12.05%) | 112 (11.79%) |
| Age, years | General | 59.00 (50.00 to 67.00) | 56.50 (48.00 to 62.00) |
| Male gender, n (%) | General | 1350 (59.15%) | 535 (56.32%) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | General | 150.00 (135.00 to 167.00) | 156.00 (140.00 to 171.00) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | General | 89.00 (80.00 to 97.00) | 82.00 (52.00 to 96.00) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | General | 26.00 (20.35 to 32.15) | 26.00 (19.39 to 28.48) |
| Direct bilirubin, µmol/L | Liver function | 3.40 (2.30 to 5.10) | 2.35 (1.50 to 3.10) |
| Cholinesterase, U/L | Liver function | 6.85 (4.70 to 9.25) | 6.77 (3.40 to 9.13) |
| Pre-albumin, mg/dL | Liver function | 234.04 (185.33 to 282.00) | 246.27 (193.90 to 284.20) |
| Total bile acid, µmol/L | Liver function | 3.90 (1.85 to 7.68) | 3.30 (1.90 to 7.62) |
| Albumin, g/L | Liver function | 39.60 (32.20 to 60.83) | 36.60 (25.40 to 43.26) |
| Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L | Liver function | 74.00 (60.00 to 93.00) | 81.75 (65.13 to 94.75) |
| Alanine transaminase, U/L | Liver function | 16.00 (11.00 to 24.00) | 12.00 (9.00 to 21.75) |
| Gamma-glutamyl transferase, U/L | Liver function | 23.00 (15.00 to 39.50) | 18.00 (12.25 to 34.88) |
| Globulin, g/L | Liver function | 25.48 (22.40 to 29.10) | 25.25 (21.11 to 30.88) |
| Indirect bilirubin, µmol/L | Liver function | 3.70 (2.40 to 5.70) | 2.40 (1.69 to 4.10) |
| Total bilirubin, µmol/L | Liver function | 7.20 (4.90 to 10.75) | 4.83 (3.45 to 7.13) |
| Total protein, g/dL | Liver function | 63.40 (57.50 to 68.10) | 61.64 (53.20 to 65.98) |
| Aspartate transaminase, U/L | Liver function | 17.00 (13.00 to 22.67) | 14.42 (11.00 to 18.00) |
| 24 hours total urine protein, g | Renal function | 2.80 (0.09 to 3.57) | 3.38 (1.49 to 5.67) |
| 24 hours total urine amount, L | Renal function | 2.00 (1.00 to 3.50) | 3.26 (1.50 to 33.87) |
| Urine microalbumin, mg/L/24 hours | Renal function | 149.07 (18.00 to 940.00) | 179.27 (35.00 to 958.00) |
| pH of urine sample | Renal function | 6.00 (5.75 to 6.45) | 6.00 (5.70 to 6.50) |
| Urine-specific gravity | Renal function | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.02) |
| Urine total protein, mg/24 hours | Renal function | 421.10 (43.00 to 2078.86) | 467.30 (255.25 to 3225.92) |
| Creatinine, μmoI/L | Renal function | 86.00 (62.00 to 200.00) | 117.25 (68.50 to 417.25) |
| Urine acid, µmol/L | Renal function | 303.00 (241.00 to 378.00) | 326.00 (265.00 to 383.00) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min/1.73 m2 | Renal function | 35.79 (14.35 to 53.42) | 32.13 (12.63 to 46.38) |
| Urea, mmol/L | Renal function | 7.38 (5.35 to 12.62) | 9.73 (5.59 to 18.37) |
| Magnesium, mmol/L | Serum electrolytes | 0.93 (0.86 to 1.01) | 0.96 (0.87 to 1.04) |
| HCO3, mEq/L | Serum electrolytes | 23.60 (21.30 to 25.90) | 22.50 (19.35 to 25.70) |
| Calcium, mmol/L | Serum electrolytes | 2.23 (2.11 to 2.31) | 2.13 (2.05 to 2.27) |
| Chlorine, mmol/L | Serum electrolytes | 102.30 (99.80 to 105.20) | 102.00 (99.00 to 107.33) |
| Potassium, mmol/L | Serum electrolytes | 4.36 (4.01 to 4.70) | 4.53 (4.29 to 4.90) |
| Sodium, mmol/L | Serum electrolytes | 141.00 (138.50 to 143.10) | 140.33 (137.00 to 143.00) |
| Phosphorus, mmol/L | Serum electrolytes | 1.23 (1.07 to 1.40) | 1.33 (1.16 to 1.47) |
| Free triiodothyronine, pmol/L | Thyroid function | 4.24 (3.63 to 4.88) | 4.13 (3.36 to 4.50) |
| Free thyroxine, pmol/L | Thyroid function | 11.93 (10.23 to 13.90) | 11.43 (9.25 to 14.39) |
| Thyroid-stimulating hormone, µIU/mL | Thyroid function | 2.04 (1.12 to 3.86) | 2.83 (1.17 to 4.96) |
| D-dimer, µg/mL | Blood coagulation | 0.15 (0.06 to 0.45) | 0.17 (0.10 to 0.64) |
| Prothrombin time | Blood coagulation | 9.80 (9.10 to 10.70) | 9.70 (8.90 to 10.60) |
| Prothrombin time activity | Blood coagulation | 128.00 (110.00 to 147.15) | 126.68 (112.00 to 151.00) |
| Activated partial thromboplastin time, s | Blood coagulation | 33.56 (30.10 to 37.00) | 32.40 (29.80 to 35.60) |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | Blood coagulation | 3.19 (2.61 to 3.96) | 3.22 (2.84 to 3.87) |
| Thrombin time, s | Blood coagulation | 14.80 (13.60 to 16.50) | 15.65 (13.80 to 17.30) |
| International normalized ratio | Blood coagulation | 0.86 (0.81 to 0.94) | 0.87 (0.80 to 0.93) |
| Basophil, 109/L | Blood count | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) |
| Basophil, % | Blood count | 0.50 (0.40 to 0.65) | 0.53 (0.40 to 0.60) |
| Eosinophil granulocyte, 109/L | Blood count | 0.13 (0.08 to 0.20) | 0.15 (0.09 to 0.24) |
| Eosinophil granulocyte, % | Blood count | 2.00 (1.20 to 3.00) | 2.20 (1.08 to 3.90) |
| Hematocrit, % | Blood count | 0.37 (0.31 to 0.44) | 0.31 (0.28 to 0.39) |
| Hemoglobin, g/L | Blood count | 117.00 (96.00 to 135.00) | 98.33 (89.13 to 123.96) |
| Lymphocyte, 109/L | Blood count | 1.70 (1.25 to 2.10) | 1.39 (1.21 to 2.13) |
| Lymphocyte, % | Blood count | 26.10 (19.38 to 33.10) | 25.80 (17.50 to 32.10) |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin, pg | Blood count | 29.90 (28.90 to 31.00) | 29.65 (27.40 to 30.80) |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, g/L | Blood count | 329.00 (323.00 to 334.00) | 324.25 (320.25 to 332.88) |
| Mean corpuscular volume, fL | Blood count | 91.00 (87.80 to 93.80) | 90.00 (84.80 to 93.20) |
| Monocytes, 109/L | Blood count | 0.50 (0.40 to 0.63) | 0.43 (0.36 to 0.57) |
| Monocytes, % | Blood count | 7.50 (6.33 to 8.90) | 7.65 (6.00 to 8.68) |
| Mean platelet volume, fL | Blood count | 8.50 (7.80 to 9.30) | 8.35 (7.54 to 8.98) |
| Neutrophil, 109/L | Blood count | 4.20 (3.20 to 5.50) | 4.07 (3.30 to 4.93) |
| Neutrophil, % | Blood count | 63.00 (55.40 to 70.03) | 64.83 (56.50 to 70.03) |
| Plateletcrit, % | Blood count | 0.17 (0.14 to 0.21) | 0.18 (0.14 to 0.22) |
| Platelet distribution width, % | Blood count | 16.75 (16.40 to 17.15) | 16.93 (16.50 to 17.39) |
| Platelets, 109/L | Blood count | 196.00 (160.00 to 239.00) | 187.00 (157.50 to 247.00) |
| Red blood cell, 1012/L | Blood count | 4.29 (3.24 to 6.79) | 3.57 (3.12 to 6.35) |
| Red blood cell distribution width, % | Blood count | 13.60 (13.00 to 14.49) | 13.83 (13.06 to 14.55) |
| White blood cell count, 109/L | Blood count | 6.55 (4.80 to 10.00) | 6.38 (5.05 to 11.18) |
| Glucose, mmol/L | Blood glucose/lipids | 7.66 (5.50 to 10.63) | 6.80 (5.14 to 10.12) |
| High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | Blood glucose/lipids | 1.05 (0.86 to 1.30) | 0.95 (0.81 to 1.34) |
| Hemoglobin A1c, mmol/mol | Blood glucose/lipids | 62.80 (49.70 to 80.30) | 58.50 (53.0 to 84.70) |
| Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, mmol/L | Blood glucose/lipids | 2.62 (1.99 to 3.35) | 2.97 (2.10 to 3.66) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | Blood glucose/lipids | 4.28 (3.54 to 5.09) | 4.70 (3.74 to 5.64) |
| Triglyceride, mmol/L | Blood glucose/lipids | 1.43 (1.02 to 2.19) | 1.70 (1.00 to 2.28) |