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. 2019 Nov 12;13:1209. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01209

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Copyright © 2019 Zheng, Wang, Zhang and Tang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Experimental procedures. (A) Experiment 1. Twelve participants carried out HAM and BCM on two consecutive days. (B) Experiment 2. Twenty participants were allocated randomly to the experimental or control group who conducted 5-day training of HAM or BCM, respectively. Both groups conducted a battery of tests before and after the training. For the experimental group, fNIRS signals during ANT and SART before and after the training, and during the last training session were recorded. HAM, haptics-assisted meditation; BCM, breath-counting meditation; fNIRS, functional near-infrared spectroscopy; ANT, attention network task; SART, sustained attention to response task.