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. 2019 Nov 12;13:254. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00254

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Copyright © 2019 Meir Drexler, Merz, Lissek, Tegenthoff and Wolf.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Day 3: Fear extinction training took place on the third testing day. Here, both conditioned stimuli (CS+, CS−) were presented (both not reinforced) for 10 times each. This graph illustrates mean (± SEM) SCR to both stimuli at early extinction (trials 1–5) vs. late extinction (trials 6–10). The significant difference between CS+ and CS− during early extinction (*p < 0.05) indicates fear memory retrieval (early extinction CS+: RE+CORT: 0.13 ± 0.03; RE: 0.14 ± 0.03; CORT: 0.15 ± 0.04; early extinction CS−: RE+CORT: 0.12 ± 0.03; RE: 0.11 ± 0.02; CORT: 0.12 ± 0.02); the significant reduction of response to the CS+ (**p < 0.01) and the lack of difference between the stimuli at the later phase indicate successful fear extinction (late extinction CS+: RE+CORT: 0.08 ± 0.02; RE: 0.13 ± 0.03; CORT: 0.09 ± 0.02; late extinction CS−: RE+CORT: 0.09 ± 0.03; RE: 0.14 ± 0.03; CORT: 0.12 ± 0.03). As no interaction or main effect of group were found, the graph presents the groups combined (N = 74; RE+CORT group: n = 24, RE group: n = 25, CORT group: n = 25).