Table 2.
Summary of baseline and clinical characteristics of the study patients.
| non AKI (n = 273) | AKI (n = 71) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 65.4 ± 11.6 | 68.6 ± 10.7 | 0.020 |
| Gender (male) | 192/273 (70.3%) | 50/71 (70.4%) | 0.988 |
| Weight (kg) | 80.9 ± 17.5 | 84.8 ± 16.6 | 0.061 |
| Height (cm) | 167.8 ± 11.4 | 165.1 ± 14.0 | 0.082 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 ± 10.2 | 31.0 ± 6.0 | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Myocardial Infarction | 73/268 (27.2%) | 13/68 (19.1%) | 0.171 |
| Ischemic Heart Disease | 218/268 (81.3%) | 65/68 (95.6%) | 0.760 |
| Hypertension | 35/268 (13.1%) | 10/68 (14.7%) | 0.722 |
| Diabetes | 29/268 (10.8%) | 16/68 (23.5%) | 0.006 |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 9/268 (3.4%) | 3/68 (4.0 %) | 0.676 |
| Diverticulitis | 8/268 (3.0%) | 3/68 (4.4%) | 0.555 |
| Asthma | 6/268 (2.2%) | 2/68 (2.9%) | 0.735 |
| Transient Ischemic Attack | 6/268 (2.2%) | 1/68 (1.5%) | 0.692 |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 4/268 (1.5%) | 2/68 (2.9%) | 0.421 |
| Cerebrovascular Accident | 4/268 (1.5%) | 1/68 (1.5%) | 0.989 |
| Endocarditis | 1/268 (0.4%) | 1/68 (1.5%) | 0.294 |
| Pre surgery medications | |||
| Beta blockers | 186/266 (70.0%) | 47/68 (69.1%) | 0.897 |
| Calcium antagonists | 49/265 (18.5%) | 18/68 (26.5%) | 0.144 |
| Nitrates | 61/265 (23.0%) | 13/68 (19.1%) | 0.491 |
| Potassium channel blockers | 39/265 (14.7%) | 8/68 (11.8%) | 0.533 |
| ACE inhibitors | 131/265 (49.4%) | 36/68 (52.9%) | 0.606 |
| Angiotensin II blocker | 9/265 (3.4%) | 2/68 (2.9%) | 0.852 |
| Intraoperative conditions | |||
| Dopamine | 136/267 (50.9%) | 40/67 (59.7%) | 0.200 |
| Noradrenaline | 158/267 (59.2%) | 42/67 (62.7%) | 0.601 |
| Adrenaline | 10/266 (3.8%) | 4/67 (6.0 %) | 0.421 |
| Milrinone | 33/267 (12.4%) | 15/67 (22.4%) | 0.037 |
| CPB time (min) | 132.8 ± 50.7 | 152.1 ± 61.3 | 0.018 |
| Cross clamp time (min) | 91.7 ± 40.2 | 105.3 ± 47.6 | 0.018 |
| Operation time (min) | 296.3 ± 125.4 | 319.7 ± 108.5 | 0.029 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 9/266 (3.4%) | 7/67 (10.4%) | 0.016 |
| Packed red blood cells | 126/266 (47.4%) | 41/67 (61.2%) | 0.043 |
| Fresh frozen plasma | 20/266 (7.5%) | 7/67 (10.4%) | 0.433 |
| Platelet bags | 25/266 (9.4%) | 8/67 (11.9%) | 0.534 |
| Operative method | |||
| Valve Surgery | 118/267 (44.2%) | 47/68 (69.1%) | <0.001 |
| CABG | 178/267 (66.7%) | 44/68 (64.7%) | 1.000 |
| Valve Surgery + CABG | 40/267 (15%) | 21/68 (30.9%) | 0.002 |
| Postoperative conditions | |||
| Dopamine | 156/268 (58.2%) | 51/67 (76.1%) | 0.008 |
| Noradrenaline | 163/268 (60.8%) | 51/67 (76.1%) | 0.023 |
| Adrenaline | 12/267 (4.5%) | 12/67 (17.9%) | <0.001 |
| Milrinone | 39/267 (14.6%) | 21/67 (31.3%) | 0.001 |
| Packed red blood cells | 110/267 (41.2%) | 36/67 (53.7%) | 0.065 |
| Fresh frozen plasma | 39/266 (14.7%) | 13/67 (19.4%) | 0.340 |
| Platelet bags | 39/266 (14.7%) | 18/67 (26.9%) | 0.018 |
| Resternotomy | 11/267 (4.1%) | 10/67 (14.9%) | 0.001 |
| Readmitted to intensive care | 1/267 (0.4%) | 0/68 (0.00%) | 0.614 |
| Length of admission (days) | 11.0 ± 8.0 | 13.1 ± 7.2 | <0.001 |
| Length of ICU admission (days) | 2.4 ± 3.0 | 4.1 ± 3.5 | <0.001 |
| Length of stay HDU (days) | 1.3 ± 1.0 | 1.6 ± 1.0 | 0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number/total (percentages). Note that patients presented with multiple comorbidities. BMI, body mass index; ACE, angiotensin-converting-enzyme; CPB, cardio pulmonary bypass; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; ICU, intensive care unit; HDU, high dependency unit.