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. 2019 Nov 18;9:16998. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53103-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The actual mid-level (500 hPa) circulations in Aug. 2016 (a) and Jul. 2017 (b) and its anomalies (c) (dash lines represent actual WPSH_SHO₃, solid line represents climatological (1988–2017 mean) WPSH_SHO₃, the arrows represent the wind vector and the actual geopotential height are shaded). NCEP Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA/OAR/ESRL PSD, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their Web site at https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/. The maps were generated by NCL software [The NCAR Command Language (Version 6.3.0) [Software]. (2015). Boulder, Colorado: UCAR/NCAR/CISL/TDD. 10.5065/D6WD3XH5].