Table 2.

Mean differences (95% CI) in HRQoL (primary outcomes) between intervention and control groups

Characteristic	Mean difference	95% CI	p value
PCS score
Model 1	1.56	−1.75, 4.87	0.355
Model 2	0.92	−2.38, 4.20	0.586
EQ-5D-5L index score
Model 1	0.02	−0.01, 0.06	0.175
Model 2	0.02	−0.02, 0.05	0.290
Physical functioning
Model 1	−0.19	−3.83, 3.46	0.920
Model 2	−1.15	−4.65, 2.36	0.521
Role physical
Model 1	−0.18	−3.82, 3.46	0.923
Model 2	−0.82	−4.39, 2.75	0.654
Body pain
Model 1	5.14	2.05, 8.23	0.001
Model 2	4.94	1.76, 8.11	0.002
General health
Model 1	2.36	−0.28, 4.99	0.080
Model 2	2.23	−0.39, 4.85	0.095
Vitality
Model 1	0.71	−2.11, 3.52	0.623
Model 2	0.39	−2.35, 3.13	0.780
Social functioning
Model 1	1.44	−1.26, 4.14	0.295
Model 2	1.28	−1.35, 3.91	0.338
Role emotional
Model 1	1.45	−2.32, 5.22	0.450
Model 2	1.03	−2.69, 4.76	0.587
Mental health
Model 1	1.70	−1.16, 4.56	0.243
Model 2	1.06	−1.64, 3.75	0.442
MCS score
Model 1	1.36	−0.89, 3.60	0.236
Model 2	1.19	−1.02, 3.41	0.290

Model 1 was a random intercept mixed model with intervention and one pre-measurement; model 2 was a random intercept mixed model, adjusted for time, baseline covariate and sex