Table 1.

Description of national health insurance and database management in Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines

	Indonesia	Vietnam	Philippines
Social security agency	Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS)	Vietnam Social Security	Philippine Health Insurance Corporation
National Social Health Insurance	Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN)	Vietnam Health Insurance Scheme (VHIS)	PhilHealth
Started in	2014	Introduced in 1992 and mandatory by law in 2015	1995
Primary care funding	Capitation	Fee-for-service	Capitation
Inpatient care funding	INA-CBG (local equivalent of DRG)	Fee-for-service	Case rates (local equivalent of DRG)
Database started in	2014	2015	Electronic claims processing started in 1995, but revamped in 2012 to accommodate the new payment mechanism
Database management	SQL server	Oracle	Oracle

DRG Diagnosis-Related Group, INA-CBG Indonesia Case-Based Group