Table 3.

Data variables available in the JKN, VHIS and PhilHealth databases

Variables	JKN	VHIC	PhilHealth
Unique patient identification number	√	√	√
Demographics
Sex	√	√	√
Age	√	√	√
Ethnicity	X	√	NA
Patient residence (region)	X	√	√
Urban or rural	√a	√	√
Membership category	√	√	√
Other patient information
Height	X	X	X
Weight	X	X	X
Smoking status	X	X	X
Primary/outpatient care
Date of visit	√	√	√
Diagnosis (coding)	√ (ICD-10)	√ (ICD-10)	√ (ICD-10)
Drug information	Only for drugs covered under PRBb	√	X
Domestic coding system	X (only molecule names)	√	X
Prescription date	√	√	X
Quantity	√	√	X
Drug administration	X	√	X
Dose strength	X	√	X
Frequency of use	√	√	X
Procedure (coding)	√	√	√
Laboratory tests	X	√	X
Health expenditure (reimbursed)	X	√	X
Health expenditure (co-payment)	X	√	X
Inpatient care and emergency care
Date of admission	√	√	√
Date of discharge	√	√	√
Death	√	X	√
Discharge diagnosis (coding)	√ (ICD-10)	√ (ICD-10)	√ (ICD-10)
Other diagnosis codes	√ (ICD-10)	√ (ICD-10)	√ (ICD-10)
Drug information	Only for unbundled drugs	√	X
Domestic coding system	X (only molecule names)	√	X
Prescription date	√	√	X
Quantity	√	√	X
Drug administration	X	√	X
Dose strength	√	√	X
Frequency of use	√	√	X
Procedure (coding)	√ (ICD-9-CM)	√ (domestic coding)	√ (relative value scale)
Laboratory tests	X	√	X
Hospital code	√	√	√
Level of hospital	√	√	√
Location of hospital	√	√	√
Health expenditure (co-payment)	X	√	√
Health expenditure (reimbursed)	√	√	√
Notable exclusions from coverage	Prophylactics; aesthetic procedures	Prophylactics; aesthetic procedures	Alcohol abuse; fifth and subsequent normal obstetrical deliveries; same illness within 90 days; aesthetic procedures

JKN Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, VHIS Vietnam Health Insurance Scheme, PhilHealth Philippine Health Insurance Corporation, NA not applicable, ICD-9-CM International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification, ICD-10 International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision

^aBased on the household residence, not the current place of residence

^bPRB refers to Program Rujuk Balik, or back-referral programme, specifically for patients with chronic diseases, namely hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, epilepsy, stroke, systemic lupus erythematosus, schizophrenia and chronic ischaemic heart disease