Table 2.

Baseline characteristics

	Total cohort (both arms)
Demographics
Age, years	55.67
Female, %	44.79
Ethnicity, %a
Caucasian	82.82
Black	5.67
Hispanic	11.51
Risk factors and biomarkers
Diabetes duration, years	7.42
Smoker, %	14.01
HbA1c, %	8.22
SBP, mmHg	132.96
TC, mmol/Lb	4.69
LDL, mmol/Lb	2.65
HDL, mmol/Lb	1.16
TG, mmol/Lb	2.05
BMI, kg/m2	33.50
HR, bpm	75.19
WBC, 1 × 106	7.39
eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2	97.20
History of complications, %
Retinopathy
Background diabetic retinopathy	2.9
Severe visual loss	0.3
PDR	0.0
ME	0.0
PDR and ME	0.0
Neuropathy
Symptomatic	9.1
Peripheral vascular disease	0.7
Lower-extremity amputation	0.4
Nephropathy
Microalbuminuria	1.6
Macroalbuminuria	0.5
End-stage renal disease	0.0
Macrovascular complications
Ischemic heart disease	14.5
Congestive heart failure	5.4
Myocardial infarction	4.3
Stroke	2.2

Values are based on the SUSTAIN 7 trial [23] and are reported as means

BMI body mass index, bpm beats per minute, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, HDL high-density lipoprotein, HbA_1c glycated hemoglobin, HR heart rate, LDL low-density lipoprotein, ME macular edema, PDR proliferative diabetic retinopathy, SBP systolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, TG triglycerides, WBC white blood cell count

^aThe SUSTAIN trial also included the ethnic groups Asian/Pacific Islander and Australian, which were included in the Caucasian category

^bValues have been converted from mg/dL to mmol/L by multiplying the mg/dL values by 0.0259 (TC, HDL, LDL) and 0.0113 (TG)