Table 2.

Multivariate-adjusted costs (€, year 2010 values) and quality-adjusted life-years for combination antiretroviral therapy and monotherapy (ANRS 140 DREAM trial, n = 189)

Variable	cART (n = 94)	MT (n = 95)	Difference and prob (MT:CE)
Base-case analysis
Multivariate-adjusted results
Total costs per patient	21,158 (18,547–23,769)	17,862 (15,251–20,473)	− 3296 (− 5202 to − 1391)
QALYs per patient	1.419 (1.049–1.789)	1.425 (1.055–1.795)	0.006 (− 0.021 to 0.033)
ICER (∆costs/∆QALYs)	Prob(MT:CE) = 100%
Alternative scenarios
With a discount rate of 0%
Total costs per patient	21,901 (19,192–24,610)	18,467 (15,759–21,176)	− 3434 (− 5400 to − 1467)
QALYs per patient	1.419 (1.049–1.789)	1.425 (1.055–1.795)	0.006 (− 0.021 to 0.033)
ICER (∆costs/∆QALYs)	Prob(MT:CE) = 100%
With a discount rate of 6%
Total costs per patient	20,813 (18,247–23,379)	17,58 (15,014–20,146)	− 3233 (− 5112 to − 1354)
QALYs per patient	1.419 (1.049–1.789)	1.425 (1.055–1.795)	0.006 (− 0.021 to 0.033)
ICER (∆costs/∆QALYs)	Prob(MT:CE) = 100%
Without costs of work stoppage
Total costs per patient	20,709 (17,922–23,496)	17,55 (14,763–20,337)	− 3160 (− 4952 to − 1367)
QALYs per patient	1.419 (1.049–1.789)	1.425 (1.055–1.795)	0.006 (− 0.021 to 0.033)
ICER (∆costs/∆QALYs)	Prob(MT:CE) = 100%
With 2018 ARV prices
Total costs per patient	17,952 (15,306–20,598)	16,496 (13,850–19,142)	− 1456 (− 3300 to 388)
QALYs per patient	1.419 (1.049–1.789)	1.425 (1.055–1.795)	0.006 (− 0.021 to 0.033)
ICER (∆costs/∆QALYs)	Prob(MT:CE) = 94%

Data are presented as mean (95% confidence interval)

Covariates for the multivariate-adjusted models were sex, age, CD4 count, HIV RNA level and baseline utilities (‘age squared’ is also included in the QALY estimation)

∆ difference, ARV antiretroviral drug, cART combination antiretroviral therapy, CE cost-effective, GDP gross domestic product, ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, MT monotherapy, Prob (MT:CE) probability of MT being cost-effective at 1 times the French per capita GDP, QALY quality-adjusted life-year