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. 2019 Nov 12;10:2622. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02622

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Copyright © 2019 Cruciani, Sandini, Etna, Giacomini, Camilli, Severa, Rizzo, Bagnoli, Hiscott and Coccia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of phagocytosis and phagosomal acidification inhibition on IFN-β expression in DC stimulated with live, HI, UVI, and PFAI USA300. DC were pre-treated with 5 μM Cytochalasin D or with 2 μM Chloroquine for 30 min and then stimulated for 5 h with live and inactivated USA300 strain. The expression of IFN-β was evaluated by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. mRNA levels were normalized by the 2^−ΔCt formula using GAPDH as housekeeping gene. The results represent means ± SEM of four independent experiments (*p ≤ 0.05).