Table 4.
Path models predicting mid-adolescent attachment to parents and past year cannabis use and young adult problematic cannabis use.
| Association estimated | Standardized estimate | Unstandardized estimate (SE) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| G9 Attachment predicted by G7-G8: | |||
| Low family conflict | .100*** | 0.23 | <.0001 |
| Family management | -.030 | .029 | .301 |
| Family opportunities for prosocial behavior | .441*** | .025 | <.0001 |
| Parent attitudes favorable toward drug use | -.047 | .024 | .056 |
| Sibling alcohol use (referent: no use) | .006 | .023 | .796 |
| Family socioeconomic status^ | -.026 | .023 | .255 |
| Female (referent: male)^ | -.120*** | .022 | <.0001 |
| Age (years)^ | -.029 | .021 | .164 |
| Accommodation transitions (referent: no transitions)^ | -.007 | .020 | .740 |
| Victoria (referent: Washington State)^ | 015 | .023 | .512 |
| G9 Past year alcohol use predicted by G7-G8: | |||
| Low family conflict | -.047 | .037 | .203 |
| Family management | -.165*** | .045 | <.0001 |
| Family opportunities for prosocial behavior | -.061 | .044 | .160 |
| Parent attitudes favorable toward drug use | .171*** | .036 | <.0001 |
| Sibling alcohol use (referent: no use) | .299*** | .029 | <.0001 |
| Family socioeconomic status^ | .072* | .031 | .019 |
| Female (referent: male)^ | -.048 | .035 | .169 |
| Age (years)^ | -.024 | .036 | .503 |
| Accommodation transitions (referent: no transitions)^ | .061 | .033 | .064 |
| Victoria (referent: Washington State)^ | -.220*** | .036 | <.0001 |
| Age 25 AUDIT predicted by G9: | |||
| Attachment | -.009 | .045 | .842 |
| Past year alcohol use | .394*** | .055 | <.0001 |
| Family socioeconomic status^ | -.026 | .042 | .534 |
| Female (referent: male)^ | -.199*** | .044 | <.0001 |
| Age (years)^ | -.028 | .049 | .574 |
| Accommodation transitions (referent: no transitions)^ | -.028 | .042 | .496 |
| Victoria (referent: Washington State)^ | -.042 | .050 | .406 |
| Correlations specified in the model: | |||
| G9 Attachment with G9 Past year alcohol use | -.080* | .039 | .041 |
G7 = Grade 7, G8 = Grade 8, G9 = Grade 9. Correlations among exogenous G7-G8 early adolescent family environment characteristics and demographic variables are not estimated in the model; the observed correlations between these variables are taken into account by Mplus. SE = standard error. ^Demographic factors measured at G7. Female (coded 0 = male, 1 = female); Victoria (coded 0 = Washington State, 1 = Victoria); Accommodation transitions (coded 0 = no transitions, 1 = transitions); Sibling cannabis use (coded 0 = no use, 1 = recent use); Past year cannabis use (coded 0 = no use, 1 = recent use).