. 2019 Nov 12;10:2474. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02474

TABLE 1.

Estimated sample statistics (Means and SD) and within- and between-person correlations.

Variable	M_cor	SD_cor	M_inc	SD_inc	M_tot	SD_tot	ICC	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
Study 1
(1) Accuracy¹	–	–	–	–	0.56	0.08	0.028	–	0.448^∗∗	–0.107	–0.190	–0.065	–0.063	0.071	0.008
(2) Confidence	4.01	0.62	3.84	0.53	3.94	0.58	0.165	0.052^∗∗	–	0.262^∗	0.241^∗	0.231^∗	0.371^∗∗∗	0.218^∗	0.034
(3) Surprise	1.63	0.50	2.81	0.72	2.13	0.56	0.185	–0.495^∗∗∗	0.061^∗	–	0.755^∗∗∗	0.795^∗∗∗	0.640^∗∗∗	0.543^∗∗∗	0.218^∗∗
(4) Curiosity	2.30	0.80	3.28	0.85	2.71	0.79	0.339	–0.426^∗∗∗	–0.120^∗∗∗	0.611^∗∗∗	–	0.520^∗∗∗	0.533^∗∗∗	0.368^∗∗∗	0.517^∗∗∗
(5) Confusion	1.16	0.38	2.04	0.68	1.54	0.46	0.211	–0.478^∗∗∗	0.178^∗∗∗	0.659^∗∗∗	0.463^∗∗∗	–	0.654^∗∗∗	0.707^∗∗∗	0.034
(6) Pride	2.12	1.01	1.11	0.35	1.66	0.60	0.311	–0.563^∗∗∗	0.121^∗∗∗	–0.321^∗∗∗	–0.242^∗∗∗	–0.348^∗∗∗	–	0.621^∗∗∗	0.108
(7) Shame	1.05	0.20	1.50	0.58	1.24	0.31	0.219	–0.378^∗∗∗	0.037^∗	0.324^∗∗∗	0.245^∗∗∗	0.335^∗∗∗	–0.345^∗∗∗	–	–0.091
(8) Exploration²	1.62	1.01	1.94	0.80	1.75	0.90	0.560	–0.184^∗∗∗	–0.067^∗∗	0.285^∗∗∗	0.429^∗∗∗	0.233^∗∗∗	–0.073^∗∗	0.119^∗∗∗	–
Study 2
(1) Accuracy¹	–	–	–	–	0.48	0.08	0.023	–	0.209	–0.609^∗∗	–0.399	−0.437^∗	0.076	–0.269	0.298
(2) Confidence	3.50	0.60	3.81	0.49	3.68	0.55	0.139	–0.120^∗∗∗	–	–0.045	0.099	–0.081	0.304^∗	−0.241^∗	–0.071
(3) Surprise	1.87	0.48	2.97	0.62	2.45	0.55	0.157	–0.419^∗∗∗	0.233^∗∗∗	–	0.680^∗∗∗	0.761^∗∗∗	0.231	0.563^∗∗∗	–0.008
(4) Curiosity	2.29	0.70	3.41	0.73	2.89	0.68	0.248	–0.464	0.034	0.631^∗∗∗	–	0.593^∗∗∗	–0.012	0.386^∗∗∗	0.439^∗∗∗
(5) Confusion	1.19	0.58	2.31	0.69	1.79	0.49	0.158	–0.483^∗∗∗	0.315^∗∗∗	0.672^∗∗∗	0.522^∗∗∗	–	0.263	0.804^∗∗∗	0.163
(6) Pride	2.37	0.28	1.06	0.20	1.68	0.51	0.198	0.628^∗∗∗	0.049	–0.298^∗∗∗	–0.311^∗∗∗	–0.386^∗∗∗	–	0.103	–0.129
(7) Shame	1.06	0.18	1.70	0.72	1.40	0.48	0.323	–0.455^∗∗∗	0.140^∗∗∗	0.316^∗∗∗	0.265^∗∗∗	0.339^∗∗∗	–0.364^∗∗∗	–	0.048
(8) Exploration²	1.44	0.87	1.81	0.77	1.63	0.79	0.497	–0.238^∗∗∗	–0.035	0.262^∗∗∗	0.463^∗∗∗	0.266^∗∗∗	–0.177^∗∗∗	0.146^∗∗∗	–

ICC, Intraclass correlation coefficient. Within-person correlations are displayed below the diagonal; between-person correlations are displayed above the diagonal. ¹Proportion of correct answers per person (range = 0.20–0.85, and 0.25–0.75 in Studies 1 and 2, respectively). ²Mean of the sum score of explorations (range 0–3). On average, participants answered 8.76 (SD = 2.75; Study 1) and 10.50 (SD = 2.50; Study 2) out of 20 questions incorrectly. For these incorrectly answered items, on average they explored 1.48 (SD = 1.02; Study 1) and 1.15 (SD = 0.79; Study 2) pieces of information. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001.