TABLE 1.
Sample characteristics of the participants with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) and controls.
| Controls (n = 21) | DSWPD (n = 40) | P-value (t-test/chi-square) | |
| Age | |||
| Mean ± SD | 21.2 ± 2.2 years | 20.7 ± 3.1 years | 0.511 |
| Gender | |||
| Female | 15(71.4%) | 28(70.0%) | 1.000 |
| Male | 6(28.6%) | 12(30.0%) | |
| Occupation1 | |||
| High school | 4(19.0%) | 16(40%) | 0.172 |
| College/university | 17(81.0%) | 23(57.5%) | |
| Employed | – | 1(2.5%) | |
| Living conditions2 | |||
| With both parents | 2(9.5%) | 6(15.0%) | 0.610 |
| With one parent | 1(4.8%) | 6(15.0%) | |
| With boy-/girlfriend | 4(19.0%) | 7(17.5%) | |
| Alone | 3(14.3%) | 7(17.5%) | |
| Shared apartment | 11(52.4%) | 14(35.0%) | |
| MEQ score | |||
| Mean ± SD | 54.6 ± 6.9 | 29.9 ± 6.8 | <0.001 |
P-values from independent samples t-tests/chi-square analyses. MEQ, morningness–eveningness questionnaire (Horne and Ostberg, 1976). 1None were unemployed. 2None had children.