TABLE 2.

Subjective and objective sleep parameters from 1 week of simultaneous sleep diary/actigraphy recordings in the participants with delayed sleep–wake phase disorder (DSWPD) and controls.

		Controls1 (n = 21)	DSWPD (n = 40)	Effect size	T-test	ANOVA (p-value) (Group × time)
		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Cohen’s d	p	Time	Group	Interaction
Sleep diary
Bedtime (hh:mm ± min)
	Weekday	23:54 ± 40	01:59 ± 113	1.47	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.974
	Weekend	01:05 ± 87	03:10 ± 124	1.17	<0.001
Rise time (hh:mm ± min)
	Weekday	08:15 ± 80	10:31 ± 151	1.13	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.384
	Weekend	09:52 ± 69	12:36 ± 112	1.76	<0.001
Sleep onset latency (min)
	Weekday	21 ± 16	46 ± 40	0.82	0.001	0.186	0.002	0.848
	Weekend	15 ± 11	39 ± 40	0.82	0.001
Total sleep time (min)
	Weekday	467 ± 64	433 ± 70	0.51	0.065	0.015	0.206	0.368
	Weekend	491 ± 78	485 ± 101	0.07	0.793
Sleep efficiency (%)
	Weekday	93.0 ± 4.1	85.3 ± 9.8	1.03	<0.001	0.581	0.001	0.675
	Weekend	93.1 ± 4.1	86.1 ± 11.8	0.79	0.002
Sleep quality2
	Weekday	3.8 ± 0.9	3.4 ± 0.6	0.52	0.021	0.842	0.004	0.531
	Weekend	3.9 ± 0.9	3.3 ± 0.8	0.70	0.010
Daytime functioning3
	Weekday	2.1 ± 0.9	2.8 ± 0.6	0.92	0.002	0.054	<0.001	0.765
	Weekend	1.9 ± 0.6	2.7 ± 0.7	1.23	<0.001
Actigraphy
Sleep onset latency (min)
	Weekday	22 ± 29	21 ± 16	0.04	0.794	0.382	0.476	0.222
	Weekend	13 ± 15	22 ± 29	0.39	0.229
Total sleep time (min)
	Weekday	419 ± 59	427 ± 67	0.13	0.674	0.037	0.107	0.308
	Weekend	435 ± 92	471 ± 82	0.41	0.132
Sleep efficiency (%)
	Weekday	84.5 ± 8.6	84.0 ± 4.9	0.07	0.766	0.224	0.564	0.707
	Weekend	86.0 ± 6.1	84.8 ± 6.1	0.20	0.485

The table shows mean ± standard deviation (SD), Cohen’s d as a measure of effect size, results from group × time ANOVAs, and results from independent samples t-tests. ¹Actigraphy data were missing for two participants in the control group, leaving 19 control subjects for the actigraphy analyses. ²Rated on a scale from 1 = very light to 5 = very deep. ³Rated on a scale from 1 = very good to 5 = very poor.