TABLE 3.
The overview table displays the average and its SD in the overall categories: length measures, writing process, spelling error categories and STS-test in the variable no sign language, no bilingualism, no hearing loss and deafness.
| Participants (N) | 19 | 14 | 24 | 9 | 13 | 20 | 7 | 26 | ||||||||
| Variable | Sign language skills | No sign language skills | Bilingual | Monolingual | Hearing loss | Hearing | Deafness | Full or residual hearing | ||||||||
| Age | 10.9 | 10.9 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 10.8 | 11.0 | 10.7 | 10.9 | ||||||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
| Writing Length | ||||||||||||||||
| Number of words | 268.5 | 114.2 | 296.9 | 109.0 | 284.8 | 121.9 | 269.4 | 81.1 | 221.8 | 86.5 | 318.8 | 110.6 | 175.7 | 64.3 | 308.8 | 104.6 |
| Writing length in minutes | 26.8 | 11.4 | 33.0 | 15.6 | 29.7 | 13.3 | 28.5 | 14.7 | 24.9 | 12.1 | 32.4 | 13.8 | 18.6 | 6.0 | 32.3 | 13.5 |
| Writing Process | ||||||||||||||||
| Words per minute | 10.7 | 3.8 | 10.3 | 4.5 | 10.2 | 3.5 | 11.3 | 5.3 | 10.0 | 4.5 | 10.8 | 3.8 | 10.4 | 4.7 | 10.5 | 4.0 |
| Misspelled words in final text in% | 4.5% | 5 | 3.2% | 2.7 | 4.2% | 4.7 | 3.3% | 2.9 | 4.6% | 5.8 | 3.6% | 3.0 | 3.3% | 1.4 | 4.1% | 4.8 |
| Misspelled words in writing process and final text in% | 6.5% | 5.0 | 5.3% | 4.6 | 6.1% | 4.7 | 5.9% | 5.3 | 6.7% | 5.6 | 5.6% | 4.3 | 5.6% | 1.7 | 6.2% | 5.4 |
| Misspellings in final text in% | 5.4% | 5.4 | 3.4% | 2.8 | 5.0% | 5.0 | 3.4% | 3.0 | 5.7% | 6.1 | 3.8% | 3.1 | 5.1% | 2.2 | 4.4% | 5.0 |
| Number of spelling attempts | 3.5 | 1.1 | 3.1 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 0.5 | 3.7 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 0.5 |
| Spelling awareness in% | 30.6% | 26.1 | 40.6% | 27.4 | 31.0% | 27.5 | 43.1% | 24.1 | 31.9% | 28.0 | 36.3% | 26.1 | 40.4% | 26.0 | 34.0% | 27.2 |
| Pause length per text in% | 61.5% | 12.5 | 65.6% | 8.9 | 62.9% | 11.5 | 64.2% | 10.9 | 62.4% | 15.0 | 63.8% | 8.1 | 61.2% | 15.3 | 63.6% | 10.1 |
| Number of pauses per minute > 1 s | 10.8 | 2.1 | 10.6 | 2.6 | 10.6 | 1.9 | 11.0 | 3.2 | 11.4 | 2.0 | 10.2 | 2.4 | 12.1 | 1.4 | 10.3 | 2.4 |
| Pauses before words in% | 29.1% | 11.4 | 28.9% | 10.5 | 29.5% | 10 | 27.6% | 12.4 | 29.5% | 12.6 | 28.7% | 1.0 | 33.4% | 13.6 | 27.8% | 10.0 |
| Pauses within words in% | 17.9% | 9 | 19.5% | 9.8 | 18.1% | 8.6 | 19.7% | 12.1 | 20.1% | 9.8 | 17.2% | 9.3 | 21.0% | 7.7 | 17.9% | 10.0 |
| Pauses after words in% | 7.2% | 5.8 | 4.7% | 2.3 | 6.7% | 5.3 | 4.5% | 2.0 | 9.2% | 5.9 | 4.2% | 2.3 | 9.5% | 6.7 | 5.3% | 3.8 |
| Spelling Error Categories | ||||||||||||||||
| Doubling errors in% | 2.3% | 4.1 | 2.5% | 2.3 | 2.5% | 3.6 | 2.3% | 2.6 | 2.2% | 4.9 | 2.5% | 2.2 | 0.5% | 0.7 | 2.9 | 3.7 |
| Insertions in% | 0.3% | 0.4 | 0.1% | 0.2 | 0.3% | 0.4 | 0.1% | 0.2 | 0.4% | 0.4 | 0.2% | 0.4 | 0.3% | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Omissions in% | 1.1% | 1.1 | 0.6% | 0.8 | 0.9% | 0.9 | 0.8% | 0.9 | 1.3% | 1.3 | 0.6% | 0.7 | 1.5% | 1.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| Inversions in% | 0.3% | 0.6 | 0.1% | 0.2 | 0.3% | 0.5 | 0.1% | 0.2 | 0.4% | 0.7 | 0.1% | 0.2 | 0.5% | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Letter substitutions in% | 1.3% | 1.6 | 1.7% | 2.0 | 1.2% | 1.4 | 2.3% | 2.2 | 1.1% | 1.4 | 1.7% | 1.9 | 0.5% | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| Diacritic letters in% | 0.4% | 0.5 | 0.2% | 0.5 | 0.3% | 0.5 | 0.2% | 0.4 | 0.3% | 0.5 | 0.3% | 0.5 | 0.4% | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Confusion of similar words in% | 0.7% | 1.3 | 0.1% | 0.2 | 0.6% | 1.1 | 0.2% | 0.2 | 1.0% | 1.5 | 0.1% | 0.2 | 1.8% | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.2 |
| Influence from STS in% | 0.4% | 0.6 | 0.0% | 0.0 | 0.3% | 0.6 | 0.0% | 0.0 | 0.5% | 0.7 | 0.0% | 0.0 | 1.1% | 0.8 | 0.0 | 0.1 |
| STS Test | ||||||||||||||||
| SignRepL2 (max 4.0) | 3.8 | 0.19 | 2.1 | 0.20 | 3.4 | 0.69 | 2.1 | 0.18 | 3.8 | 0.19 | 2.6 | 0.78 | 3.9 | 0.03 | 2.8 | 0.83 |