Table 2-.

Regression Results: Association between Admission to a High SMI Facility and Quality Outcomes for Residents with and without Serious Mental Illness (SMI)

	Residents with SMI					Residents without SMI
		Baseline Model		2-SLS Model			Baseline Model		2-SLS Model
	Sample Mean	Coef.	95% Confidence Interval	Coef.	95% Confidence Interval	Sample Mean	Coef.	95% Confidence Interval	Coef.	95% Confidence Interval
Restraints	3.1	0.622	(0.257,0.987)**	1.431	(−0.142,3.004)†	4.8	0.673	(0.364,0.983)***	1.069	(−0.419,2.557)
Catheter	7.3	−1.116	(−1.549,−0.683)***	0.231	(−1.971,2.432)	10.4	−0.655	(−0.969,−0.340)***	1.748	(0.026,3.471)*
Hospitalizations	16.9	0.124	(−0.423,0.670)	1.465	(−0.912,3.843)	15.7	0.54	(0.214,0.865)***	3.798	(2.161,5.435)***
Feeding Tube	5.3	0.529	(0.035,1.024)*	3.684	(1.416,5.952)***	6.7	0.252	(−0.107,0.611)	2.086	(0.432,3.740)*
Pressure Ulcer	8.7	−0.721	(−1.122,−0.319)***	−0.219	(−2.093,1.656)	13.7	−0.683	(−0.988,−0.379)***	1.575	(−0.053,3.202)†
Off-labelOff-labelOff-labelOff-label Antipsychotic Use						12.0	0.817	(0.391,1.242)***	−1.423	(−3.616,0.769)

Notes:

^†indicates P < 0.1;

^*indicates P<0.05;

^**indicates P < 0.01;

^***indicates P<0.001;

2-SLS = two-stage least squares (instrumental variable estimation); All models adjust for a suite of resident and ZIP-code level control variables (refer to the appendix for complete list), state and year fixed effects, and length of stay; differential distance from a high- vs. low-SMI nursing home (log transformed) is used as the instrumental variable in the 2-SLS models. SMI models contain 12,027 unique facilities with at least one SMI admission during the study period. Non-SMI models contain 11,985 unique facilities with at least one SMI admission during the study period.

SMI population first-stage F-statistic = 542.08

Non-SMI population first-stage F-statistic = 725.1