Table 2: Blood biomarkers and neuroimaging modalities.

Blood biomarkers which can be imaged in vivo. Some measures require the use of imaging tracers to isolate their location and concentration. The molecules listed typically have a downstream neurological impact and imaging can be useful for the formulation of adequate therapeutic interventions.

sequela	biomarker	imaging modality	references
wakefulness/insomnia	glucose	[18F]-FDG-PET	Stocker, Cieply et al. 2014
neuronal integrity	NAA	MRS	Gujar, Maheshwari et al. 2005
oxidative stress	pH	cerebral microdialysis	Landolt, Langemann et al. 1994
hypoxia	Lac	MRS cerebral microdialysis	Makoroff, Cecil et al. 2005 Magnoni, Ghisoni et al. 2003
edema	LTA4	FLAIR	Irimia, Chambers et al. 2011
PTE/seizures	GABA	MEGA-PRESS [11C] flumazenil/ [11C] Ro 15–4513-PET	Edden and Barker 2007; Edden and Barker 2007, Asahina, Shiga et al. 2008
memory impairment	Glu	MRS	Benveniste, Drejer et al. 1984
sleep dysregulation	NO	fMRI/DWI	Attwell and Iadecola 2002
	Ach	123I-5-IA SPECT	Esterlis, Hannestad et al. 2013
microtubule disintegration	tau	[18F] AV-1451-PET	Maruyama, Shimada et al. 2013; Dickstein, Pullman et al. 2016