Table 1:

Cohort Characteristics

	Transcatheter	Operative	p-value
	n=295 at 34 centers	n=5919 at 44 centers
Age at PDA closure (days)	74 (IQR 44–105)	23 (IQR 14–34)	<0.001
Female sex	51% (n=150)	46% (n=2,750)	0.14
Race			0.05
White	43% (n=126)	50% (n=2,966)
Black	33% (n=98)	27% (n=1,587)
Other or mixed race	4% (n=12)	5% (n=279)
Missing	20% (n=59)	18% (n=1,087)
Payer			0.04
Private insurance	39% (n=114)	34% (n=1,985)
Public insurance	57% (n=167)	57% (n=3,384)
Non-public government	2% (n=6)	4% (n=259)
Other	2% (n=7)	5% (n=274)
Missing	<1% (n=1)	<1% (n=17)
Gestational age (weeks)	26 (IQR 25–30)	25 (IQR 24–26)	<0.001
Gestational age			<0.001
23–24 weeks	17% (n=50)	31% (n=1,829)
25–27 weeks	30% (n=87)	39% (n=2,310)
28–33 weeks	16% (n=48)	10% (n=581)
34–36 weeks	4% (n=12)	1% (n=66)
≥37 weeks	8% (n=23)	1% (n=87)
Missing	25% (n=75)	18% (n=1,046)
Adjusted gestational age (weeks)	36 (30–38)	29 (IQR 27–31)	<0.001
Adjusted gestational age			<0.001
23–24	<1% (n=1)	4% (n=220)
25–27	4% (n=13)	30% (n=1,782)
28–33	15% (n=43)	39% (n=2,330)
34–36	10% (n=29)	4% (n=251)
≥37	45% (n=134)	5% (n=290)
Missing	25% (n=75)	18% (n=1,046)
Known genetic syndrome	4% (n=11)	2% (n=101)	0.01
History of gastrointestinal condition	38% (n=112)	19% (n=1,151)	<0.001
History of hematologic condition	3% (n=8)	3% (n=188)	0.66
History of neurologic condition	18% (n=53)	14% (n=851)	0.09
History of respiratory condition	29% (n=87)	16% (n=951)	<0.001
Other complex chronic condition	84% (n=248)	89% (n=5,286)	0.48