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| Complication grade | IG, n (%) | CG, n (%) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade I | 14 (41.2) | 20 (58.8) | 0.146 |
| Grade II | 4 (11.8) | 10 (29.4) | 0.072 |
| Grade III | 0 (0.0) | 3 (8.8) | 0.239 |
| Grade IV | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | 1.000 |
| Grade V | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1.000 |
| PPC rate* (Grade II to V) | 4 (11.8) | 12 (35.3) | 0.022 |
*, PPC rate is defined as PPCs of Grade II to V. PPC, postoperative pulmonary complication; IG, intervention group; CG, control group.
