Table 5. Univariate analysis of predictors of poor LMCs status in the test set.
| Characteristics | Poor LMCs (n=62) | Good LMCs (n=46) | OR (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (mean ± SD), years | 69.4±11.6 | 67.5±10.5 | 1.016 (0.981–1.052) | 0.382 |
| Gender (female), n (%) | 23 (37.1) | 18 (39.1) | 0.982 (0.449–2.148) | 0.965 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 28 (45.2) | 24 (52.2) | 0.755 (0.351–1.622) | 0.471 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 15 (24.2) | 9 (19.6) | 1.312 (0.517–3.332) | 0.567 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 21 (33.9) | 19 (41.3) | 0.728 (0.331–1.601) | 0.429 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 23 (37.1) | 12 (26.1) | 1.671 (0.724–3.854) | 0.227 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) | 13 (21.0) | 4 (8.7) | 2.786 (0.844–9.194) | 0.083 |
| Current smoking | 27 (43.5) | 18 (39.1) | 1.2 (0.552–2.608) | 0.645 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 8 (12.9) | 10 (21.7) | 0.533 (0.192–1.480) | 0.223 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 2 (3.2) | 4 (8.7) | 0.35 (0.061–1.999) | 0.220 |
| Pre-stroke mRS [median, IQR] | 0 [0–1] | 0 [0–1] | 1.131 (0.761–1.683) | 0.679 |
| Baseline NIHSS [median, IQR] | 15 [11–20] | 10 [5–15] | 1.148 (1.069–1.232) | <0.001 |
| Baseline systolic BP (mean ± SD), mmHg | 148.5±22.5 | 148.4±22.6 | 1 (0.983–1.018) | 0.969 |
| Baseline diastolic BP (mean ± SD), mmHg | 84.8±12.5 | 80.0±10.7 | 1.036 (1.001–1.072) | 0.040 |
| Admission glucose (median, IQR), mmol/L | 8.1 (6.6–10.0) | 7.1 (5.2–10.9) | 1.004 (0.911–1.106) | 0.155 |
| Etiology, n (%) | ||||
| LAA | 9 (14.5) | 13 (28.3) | 0.431 (0.166–1.120) | 0.079 |
| CE | 34 (54.8) | 22 (47.8) | 1.214 (0.565–2.608) | 0.618 |
| OD/UE | 19 (30.6) | 11 (23.9) | 1.439 (0.605–3.427) | 0.409 |
| Location of occlusion*, n (%) | ||||
| M1 + ICA occlusion | 24 (38.7) | 7 (15.2) | 3.519 (1.357–9.127) | 0.008 |
| FFA to imaging (median, IQR), min | 200.0 (78.0–451.0) | 168.5 (93.0–350.5) | 1 (0.999–1.001) | 0.580 |
| ENST00000422956 expression (median, IQR) | 0.35 (0.08–1.52) | 1.89 (0.99–7.30) | 0.768 (0.654–0.901) | <0.001 |
*, most proximal occlusion location. LMCs, leptomeningeal collaterals; FFA, first found abnormal; LAA, large artery atherosclerotic; CE, cardioembolism; ICA, internal carotid artery; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; mRS, modified Rankin scale; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; OD/UE, other determined/undermined etiology; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; BP, blood pressure; BMI, body mass index.