Figure 1.

Mechanisms of the inflammatory response mediated liver injury in magnesium deficiency. Magnesium deficiency activates neuroendocrinological pathways and increases the production of neuromediators, such as substance P. Elevated substance P results in leukocytosis in the bone marrow. Decreased magnesium lead to further activation of these leukocytes through increased intracellular calcium and regulation of NF-κB, which then move to the liver and cause liver injury. NF-κB, nuclear factor-κB.