Table 1.
Patient demographics
| All patients | H. pylori- positive | H. pylori- negative | P value | Anticoagulants/antiplatelet drug/NSAIDs | No drugs | P value | |
| Total | 564 | 340 | 115 | 219 | 345 | ||
| Male/female | 343/221 | 223/117 | 66/49 | 0.111 | 127/92 | 216/129 | 0.271 |
| Age (mean ± SD) | 70.2 ± 14.3 | 66.6 ± 13.6 | 72.3 ± 14.3 | < 0.012 | 77.1 ± 10.3 | 65.8 ± 14.7 | < 0.012 |
| H. pylori status | |||||||
| Positive | 340 (60.3) | - | - | 104 (47.5) | 236 (68.4) | < 0.011 | |
| Negative | 115 (20.4) | - | - | 56 (25.6) | 59 (17.1) | ||
| Unknown | 109 (19.3) | - | - | 59 (26.9) | 50 (14.5) | ||
| Toxic agents | |||||||
| Anticoagulants/antiplatelets/NSAIDs | 219 (38.8) | 104 (30.6) | 56 (48.7) | < 0.011 | 219 (100) | 0 | |
| Anticoagulants | 43 (7.6) | 19 (5.6) | 12 (10.4) | 43 (19.6) | 0 | ||
| Antiplatelets | 130 (23.0) | 60 (17.6) | 33 (28.7) | 130 (59.4) | 0 | ||
| NSAIDs | 174 (30.9) | 85 (25.0) | 39 (33.9) | 174 (79.5) | 0 | ||
| Two or more drugs | 76 (13.5) | 50 (14.7) | 26 (22.6) | (50.7) | 0 | ||
| None | 345 (61.2) | 236 (69.4) | 59 (51.3) | 0 | 345 (100) | ||
| Single or multiple | |||||||
| Single | 400 (70.9) | 251 (73.8) | 71 (61.7) | 0.021 | 138 (63.0) | 254 (73.6) | 0.011 |
| Multiple | 108 (29.1) | 89 (26.2) | 44 (38.3) | 81 (37.0) | 91 (26.4) | ||
| Location (single ulcer) | |||||||
| U | 127 (22.5) | 80 (23.5) | 15 (13.0) | < 0.013 | 47 (21.5) | 76 (22.0) | 0.173 |
| M | 216 (38.3) | 151 (44.4) | 26 (22.6) | 66 (30.1) | 143 (41.4) | ||
| L | 57 (10.1) | 18 (5.3) | 30 (26.1) | 25 (11.4) | 32 (9.3) | ||
| Forrest Classification | 0.103 | < 0.013 | |||||
| Ia | 25 (4.4) | 14 (4.1) | 5 (4.3) | 11 (5.0) | 14 (4.1) | ||
| Ib | 44 (7.8) | 18 (5.3) | 11 (9.6) | 24 (11.0) | 20 (5.8) | ||
| IIa | 280 (49.6) | 188 (55.3) | 46 (40.0) | 91 (41.6) | 189 (54.8) | ||
| IIb | 32 (5.7) | 16 (4.7) | 7 (6.1) | 21 (9.6) | 11 (3.2) | ||
| IIc | 73 (12.9) | 42 (12.4) | 17 (14.8) | 28 (12.8) | 45 (13.0) | ||
| III | 110 (19.5) | 62 (18.2) | 29 (25.2) | 44 (20.1) | 66 (19.1) | ||
| Previous antacids | 86 (15.3) | 35 (10.3) | 28(24.4) | < 0.011 | 41 (18.7) | 46 (13.3) | 0.631 |
| PPIs | 37 (6.6) | 7 (2.1) | 17(14.8) | 18 (8.2) | 19 (5.5) | ||
| H2 blockers | 49 (8.7) | 28 (8.2) | 11 (9.6) | 23 (10.5) | 26 (7.5) | ||
| P-CAB | 1 (0.2) | 028 (8.2) | 011 (9.6) | 023 (10.5) | 1 (0.3) | ||
| None | 477 (84.6) | 305 (89.7) | 87 (75.7) | 178 (81.3) | 299 (86.7) |
1
Fisher’s exact test.
2
Student’s t-test.
3
Pearson’s Chi-squared test. SD: Standard deviation; H. pylori: Helicobacter pylori; U: Upper; M: Middle; L: Lower; PPIs: Proton pump inhibitors; H2 blockers: Histamine type 2 receptor blockers; P-CAB: Potassium-competitive acid blocker; NSAIDs: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.