. 2019 Nov 4;16(21):4271. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16214271

Table 2.

Analysis for the serological results of coxiellosis in small ruminants in seven farms in the Punjab, Pakistan, in relation to potential risk factors.

Variable	Category	Pos./Tested	Prev. %	95% CI	OR	95% CI	p-Value
Species	Sheep	78/500	15.6	12.5–19.1	1.047	0.74–1.47	χ² = 0.069 df = 1 p = 0.792
Species	Goat	75/500	15.0	12.0–18.4	1	-	χ² = 0.069 df = 1 p = 0.792
Age	Up to 1	22/133	16.5	10.0–23.1	1.082	0.63–1.85	χ² = 6.603 df = 3 p = 0.085
	>1–2.5	20/186	10.8	6.1–15.6	1	-
	>2.5–4	47/241	19.5	14.9–25.1	1.406	0.93–2.12
	>4	64/440	14.5	11.6–18.4	0.653	0.38–1.14
Sex	Male	20/107	18.7	11.8–27.4	1.314	0.78–2.21	χ² = 1.064 df = 1 p = 0.302
Sex	Female	133/893	14.9	12.6–17.4	1	-	χ² = 1.064 df = 1 p = 0.302
Parity	Nulliparous	29/198	14.6	11.7–20.2	1.203	0.63–2.29	χ² = 0.353 df = 2 p = 0.838
	Multiparous	82/582	14.1	12.7–18.7	1.191	0.65–2.18
	Primiparous	22/113	19.4	7.5–21.4	1	-
Lactation	Lactating	34/399	8.5	16.8–24.0	2.800	1.84–4.25	χ² = 23.1064 df = 1 p = 0.000
Lactation	Non-lactating	99/494	20.0	5.8–11.4	1	-	χ² = 23.1064 df = 1 p = 0.000
Reproductive Status	Pregnant	43/320	10.6	14.2–20.6	1.747	1.15–2.65	χ² = 10.483 df = 1 p = 0.002
Reproductive Status	Non-pregnant	99/573	17.3	7.5–14.6	1	-	χ² = 10.483 df = 1 p = 0.002
Rep. Disorder	Abortion	48/93	51.6	41.0–62.1	10.174	6.37–16.26	χ² = 133.984 df = 4 p = 0.000
	Premature delivery	12/37	32.4	18.0–49.8	4.578	2.21–9.47
	Stillbirth	14/44	31.8	18.6–47.6	4.451	2.26–8.75
	Repeat breeding	1/4	25.0	0.6–80.6	3.179	0.33–30.93
	No	78/822	9.5	7.6–11.7	1	-
Body Condition	Weak	32/70	45.7	33.7–58.1	7.984	4.73–13.49	χ² = 124.868 df = 3 p = 0.000
	Does with weak kid delivery	22/49	44.9	30.7–59.8	7.725	4.20–14.20
	Ewes with weak lamb delivery	20/53	37.7	24.8–52.1	5.746	3.15–10.49
	Apparently good	79/828	9.5	7.6–11.7	1	-