Figure 4.

Impact of H₂O₂ on human spermatozoa UPR-related proteins’ levels. The levels of HSF1 (a), HSP90 (b), and HSP27 (c), proteins involved in HSR, significantly increased after incubation with low concentrations of H₂O₂. HSP60 (d) and the total amount of eIF2α (e) significantly increased after exposure to all the concentrations tested. The levels of phosphorylated HSP27 (f) did not change with any concentration tested. Results are expressed as mean ± SD values from three or four independent experiments. Statistically significant differences from the relative control (0 µM) are indicated (* p < 0.05).