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. 2019 Oct 28;20(21):5345. doi: 10.3390/ijms20215345

Table 1.

Evolution of clinical features in patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation or HSCT. This table does not include the female patient described by Islam et al. [16], who was transplanted at the age of 11 months and survived at least 2 years, and for whom very scarce information is available.

References Yamada et al., 1998 [15] Montano et al., 2016 [4] Sisinni et al., 2018 [18] Furlan et al., 2018 [17] Present Case
Age at diagnosis (months) 1 (girl) 22 (girl) 24 (boy) 4 (boy) 26 (boy) 0.5 (girl) 11 (girl) 1 (boy) 0.5 (boy)
Clinical signs Hydrops fetalis NM NM NM NM Yes Yes No Yes No
Head, eyes, ear-nose-throat Coarse face
Mild deafness
NM Coarse face Coarse face NM Coarse face Coarse face Coarse face
Bilateral severe hypoacusia
Coarse face
Acute otitis media
Mild deafness
Cardio-respiratory Recurrent respiratory infections
Peripheral pulmonary stenosis
Ventricular septal defect
NM Recurrent respiratory infections
Cardiac valve disease
Recurrent respiratory infections
Cardiac valve disease
Breathing difficulty Cardiac distress Recurrent respiratory infections
No cardiac disease
Respiratory distress recurrent infections None
Musculo-skeletal Lumbar gibbus,
bilateral femoral head hypoplasia
Wheel-chair bound
Kyphosis and talipes equinovarus NM NM NM NM Short trunk
with pectus carinatum
Scoliosis and kyphosis
Talipes equinovarus
Acetabular hip dysplasia
Joint contractures and stiffness
Genu valgum
Clawed hands
Bilateral club-foot
Pectus carinatum
Gibbus
Joint stiffness
Dysostosis multiplex
Talipes equinovarus
Kyphosis
Thoraco-lumbar
and abdominal
Hepatosplenomegaly
Umbilical hernia
NM NM Hepato-splenomegaly Hepatosplenomegaly Hepatomegaly
Inguinal hernia
Hepatomegaly
Umbilical hernia
Hepatomegaly
Bilateral inguinal hernias
Hepato-splenomegaly
Neurological Mental retardation (IQ: 50) Normal intelligence Mental retardation Mental retardation Mental retardation Development delay NM No alterations (IQ:100) Axial hypotonia
Hypertonia in limbs
Slight axial hypotonia
Age at transplantation (years) 12 2 and 4 7 NM 3 0.5 2 and 3.5 1.2 1.3
Evolution Stabilization of symptoms
Stop of recurrent infections
Improved motor function (ability to walk short distances without assistance)
Moderate clinical manifestations
Slow progression
Persistent kyphosis and talipes equinovarus Normal intelligence
Deceased
(from complications of the procedure)
Deceased
(from complications of the procedure)
Moderate clinical phenotype
Swallowing difficulties
Recurrent respiratory infections
Skeletal abnormalities
Restrictive and obstructive airway disease
No clinical manifestations Normal motor function
Stabilization of musculoskeletal symptoms
Improvement of coarse face and hepatomegaly
Good respiratory function
IQ: 109
Worsening respiratory disease
Deceased at 25 months of age
Stabilized growth curve
No hepatosplenomegaly Normal psychomotor development
Age at last follow-up (years) 14.5 NM 15 1.25 9 4

Abbreviation: NM, not mentioned.