Table 1.
References | Yamada et al., 1998 [15] | Montano et al., 2016 [4] | Sisinni et al., 2018 [18] | Furlan et al., 2018 [17] | Present Case | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age at diagnosis (months) | 1 (girl) | 22 (girl) | 24 (boy) | 4 (boy) | 26 (boy) | 0.5 (girl) | 11 (girl) | 1 (boy) | 0.5 (boy) | |
Clinical signs | Hydrops fetalis | NM | NM | NM | NM | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No |
Head, eyes, ear-nose-throat | Coarse face Mild deafness |
NM | Coarse face | Coarse face | NM | Coarse face | Coarse face | Coarse face Bilateral severe hypoacusia |
Coarse face Acute otitis media Mild deafness |
|
Cardio-respiratory | Recurrent respiratory infections Peripheral pulmonary stenosis Ventricular septal defect |
NM | Recurrent respiratory infections Cardiac valve disease |
Recurrent respiratory infections Cardiac valve disease |
Breathing difficulty | Cardiac distress | Recurrent respiratory infections No cardiac disease |
Respiratory distress recurrent infections | None | |
Musculo-skeletal | Lumbar gibbus, bilateral femoral head hypoplasia Wheel-chair bound |
Kyphosis and talipes equinovarus | NM | NM | NM | NM | Short trunk with pectus carinatum Scoliosis and kyphosis Talipes equinovarus Acetabular hip dysplasia Joint contractures and stiffness Genu valgum Clawed hands |
Bilateral club-foot Pectus carinatum Gibbus Joint stiffness Dysostosis multiplex |
Talipes equinovarus Kyphosis |
|
Thoraco-lumbar and abdominal |
Hepatosplenomegaly Umbilical hernia |
NM | NM | Hepato-splenomegaly | Hepatosplenomegaly | Hepatomegaly Inguinal hernia |
Hepatomegaly Umbilical hernia |
Hepatomegaly Bilateral inguinal hernias |
Hepato-splenomegaly | |
Neurological | Mental retardation (IQ: 50) | Normal intelligence | Mental retardation | Mental retardation | Mental retardation Development delay | NM | No alterations (IQ:100) | Axial hypotonia Hypertonia in limbs |
Slight axial hypotonia | |
Age at transplantation (years) | 12 | 2 and 4 | 7 | NM | 3 | 0.5 | 2 and 3.5 | 1.2 | 1.3 | |
Evolution | Stabilization of symptoms Stop of recurrent infections Improved motor function (ability to walk short distances without assistance) |
Moderate clinical manifestations Slow progression Persistent kyphosis and talipes equinovarus Normal intelligence |
Deceased (from complications of the procedure) |
Deceased (from complications of the procedure) |
Moderate clinical phenotype Swallowing difficulties Recurrent respiratory infections Skeletal abnormalities Restrictive and obstructive airway disease |
No clinical manifestations | Normal motor function Stabilization of musculoskeletal symptoms Improvement of coarse face and hepatomegaly Good respiratory function IQ: 109 |
Worsening respiratory disease Deceased at 25 months of age |
Stabilized growth curve No hepatosplenomegaly Normal psychomotor development |
|
Age at last follow-up (years) | 14.5 | NM | 15 | 1.25 | 9 | 4 |
Abbreviation: NM, not mentioned.