AHR	aryl hydrocarbon receptor
BMDM	bone marrow-derived macrophage
cAMP	cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CBP	CREB-binding protein
CNS	central nervous system
CREB	cAMP response element binding protein
CVD	cardiovascular disease
DC	dendritic cell
DCA	deoxycholic acid
ERK	extracellular signal-regulated kinases
FXR	farnesoid X receptor
GI	gastrointestinal
GLP-1	glucagon-like peptide-1
GPR	G-protein coupled receptor
HDAC	histone deacetylase
I3C	indole-3-carbinol
IBD	inflammatory bowel disease
IEC	intestinal epithelial cell
IEL	intraepithelial lymphocyte
IL	interleukin
ILC	innate lymphoid cell
ILC3	group 3 of innate lymphoid cell
LCA	lithocholic acid
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
MAPK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MEK	mitogen-activated protein kinase
MFGE8	milk fat globule-EGF factor 8
mTOR	mammalian target of rapamycin
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NLRP	NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein
PAKI	p21 activated kinase
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SCFA	short-chain fatty acid
SGLT1	Na(+)/glucose co-transporter 1
STAT	signal transducer and activator of transcription
T2D	type 2 diabetes
TGR	G-protein-coupled receptor
Th	helper T cell
TNF	tumor necrosis factor
Treg	regulatory T cell
VDR	vitamin D receptor