Table 4.

Mean changes (95%CI) in hypertension knowledge, self-efficacy, self-management, and social support.

Outcomes (Aggregate Score)	Intervention	Control	Adjusted Mean Difference *	p
Hypertension knowledge (35)	2.3 (0.8, 3.8)	0.8 (−0.4, 2.0)	1.5 (−0.3, 3.3)	0.110
Diagnostic criteria (1)	0.2 (0.1, 0.3)	0.1 (0.0, 0.2)	0.1 (−0.1, 0.2)	0.218
Salt intake (1)	0.1 (0.0,0.2)	0.1 (0.0, 0.2)	0.0 (−0.1, 0.1)	0.585
Symptoms (9)	0.6 (0.3, 1.0)	0.7 (0.4, 1.1)	−0.1 (−0.7, 0.5)	0.747
Complications (7)	0.6 (0.0, 1.1)	−0.2 (−0.8, 0.3)	0.8 (0.0, 1.7)	0.055
Risk factors (8)	0.6 (0.0, 1.2)	−0.3 (−0.8, 0.3)	0.9 (0.1, 1.7)	0.027
Methods of self-management (8)	0.5 (0.0, 1.0)	−0.3 (−0.7, 0.1)	0.8 (0.2, 1.5)	0.009
Self-efficacy (75)	0.8 (−0.4, 2.0)	−0.6 (−1.7, 0.4)	1.4 (−0.2, 3.0)	0.086
Daily life (20)	0.6 (0.1, 1.1)	−0.2 (−0.6, 0.3)	0.8 (0.1, 1.5)	0.025
Health behavior (30)	0.0 (−0.4, 0.5)	−0.5 (−0.9, 0.0)	0.5 (−0.2, 1.3)	0.153
Medication adherence (15)	0.0 (−0.4, 0.4)	0.2 (−0.2, 0.6)	−0.2 (−0.8, 0.4)	0.615
Self-management (10)	0.2 (−0.2, 0.5)	−0.1 (−0.5, 0.2)	0.3 (−0.2, 0.8)	0.242
Self-management (165)	7.3 (4.3, 10.3)	−1.4 (−4.0, 1.2)	8.7 (4.7, 12.7)	<0.001
Medication adherence (20)	0.2 (−0.3, 0.7)	−0.2 (−0.7, 0.3)	0.4 (−0.4, 1.2)	0.355
Condition monitoring (20)	1.6 (1.0, 2.2)	0.0 (−0.6, 0.6)	1.6 (0.7, 2.5)	<0.001
Diet management (50)	1.7 (0.6, 2.8)	−2.5 (−3.5, −1.6)	4.2 (2.7, 5.6)	<0.001
Exercise management (15)	1.3 (0.5, 2.0)	0.8 (0.0, 1.5)	0.5 (−0.7, 1.7)	0.389
Work–rest management (25)	1.9 (0.7, 3.0)	0.4 (−0.8, 1.5)	1.5 (−0.2, 3.2)	0.091
Social support (64)	0.4 (−0.1, 0.9)	0.7 (0.3, 1.2)	−0.3 (−1.1, 0.3)	0.309
Subjective support (20)	0.0 (−0.5, 0.5)	0.2(−0.3, 0.7)	−0.2 (−0.8, 0.4)	0.521
Objective support (32)	−0.1 (−0.6, 0.4)	0.1 (−0.4, −0.6)	−0.2 (−1.0, 0.7)	0.647
Use of social support (12)	0.5 (0.0, 1.0)	0.6 (0.1, 1.1)	−0.1 (−0.9, 0.7)	0.785

* Adjusted for sex, age, education, marriage, work status, income, disease course, and clinical complications.