Table 1.
The genes used in the genetic transformation of citrus to impart resistance to canker.
| Genes | Sources | Type | Species | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Attacin A (attA) | Trichoplusia ni | Antimicrobial peptide | C. sinensis cv. Hamlin/Natal/Pera/Valencia | [58,59] |
| Cecropin B and Shiva A | Synthetic | Antimicrobial peptide | C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck | [35] |
| Stx IA | Sarcophaga peregrina | Antimicrobial peptide | C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck | [60,61] |
| D2A21 | Synthetic | Antimicrobial peptide | Carrizo citrange | [62] |
| Dermaseptin gene | Synthetic | Antimicrobial peptide | C. sinensis cv. Pineapple | [63] |
| AtNPR1 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Key positive regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) |
C. paradisi Macf.; C. sinensis cv. Hamlin |
[55] |
| CtNH1 | Citrus maxima | Key positive regulator of SAR | C. paradisi Macf. | [69] |
| Bs2 | Capsicum annuum | Resistance gene | C. sinensis cv. Hamlin/Natal/Pera/Valencia/Anliucheng; W. Murcott tangor | [72,73] |
| Xa21 | Oryza longistaminata | Resistance gene | C. limon cv. Eureka Frost Nuclear; C. sinensis cv. Pineapple | [75,76,77,78] |
| NbFLS2 | Nicotiana benthamiana | Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor–like kinase gene | Carrizo citrange | [81] |
| CsMAPK1 | Citrus sinensis | Mitogen-activated protein kinase gene | Troyer citrange | [82] |
| hrpN | Erwinia amylovora | Hairpin gene | C. sinensis cv. Hamlin/Valencia | [83] |
| MdSPDS1 | Malus domestica | Spermidine synthase gene | C. sinensis cv. Anliucheng | [84] |
| terf1 | Solanum lycopersicum | Transcription factor | C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck | [85] |
| pthA-nls | Xanthomonas axonopdis pv.citri | Pathogenesis gene | C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck | [86] |
| Modified theonin | Synthetic | Cysteine-rich peptide | Carrizo citrange | [87] |