Table 4.

Results of methodological weaknesses.

Country	Studies	Methodological Weaknesses
Bangkok (Thailand)	Sitthipornvorakul et al. 2014 [32]	The Yamax Digiwalker CW-700 pedometer was removed when immersing the body in water; participants who had four instead of seven daily measurements were also included in the study; PA intensities were classified using pedometer steps; there is a lack of information on whether the pedometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
Bangladesh	Mumu et al. 2017 [34]	Water-based activities were excluded, resulting in underestimates of PA by the accelerometer; participants who wore the accelerometer for ≥3 days were also included; there is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
Chile	Aguilar-Farias et al. 2017 [19]	The accelerometer data were not measured during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
China	Hu et al. 2015 [11]	Self-reported PA log data were used as the criterion-referenced standards for GPAQ data; there is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
France	Rivière et al. 2018 [35]	Less than 100 participants were recruited.
India	Misra et al. 2014 [36]	Pedometers was used as the criterion-referenced standard.
	Mathews et al. 2016 [45]	Less than 100 participants were recruited (n = 47 women); total PA was not measured; there is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured
Korea	Lee et al. 2019 [46]	There is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured
Malaysia	Lingesh et al. 2016 [9]	Less than 100 participants were recruited (n = 43 females only); there is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
	Soo et al. 2015 [37]	Pedometers were used as the criterion-referenced standard; average pedometer steps were compared to GPAQ min. data; there is a lack of information on whether the pedometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
Saudi Arabia	Alkahtani, 2016 [38]	Only 62 male participants were recruited; those who wore an accelerometer for ≥4 days were included; there is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
Singapore	Chu et al. 2015 [10]	There is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
	Chu et al. 2018 [7]	Only 78 participants were involved in the study with 69.0% of females; there is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
South Africa	Watson et al. 2017 [39]	95 pregnant women were recruited; there is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
Spain	Ruiz-Casado et al. 2016 [40]	There is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
Switzerland	Wanner et al. 2017 [47]	There is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
UAE	Doyle et al. 2019 [48]	Less than 100 participants were recruited (n = 93 for reliability study, n = 43 for concurrent validity study); there is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
UK	Cleland et al. 2014 [16]	There is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
US	Gorzelitz et al. 2018 [41]	There is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
	Herrmann et al. 2013 [42]	Only 68 participants were included; there is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
	Hoos et al. 2012 [43]	Less than 100 participants (n = 72) were included; there is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
	Metclif et al. 2018 [20]	There is a lack of information on whether the accelerometer data were collected during a typical week when GPAQ data were measured.
Vietnam	Thuy et al. 2010 [22]	Accelerometer data were not collected during a typical week.
	Trinh et al. 2009 [12]	Accelerometer data were not collected during a typical week.
Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Ethiopia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Portugal, and South Africa	Bull et al. 2009 [1]	Accelerometer or pedometer data were not collected during a typical week.
Belgium, Spain, UK	Laeremans et al. 2017 [44]	Accelerometer data were not collected during a typical week.