Table 3.
Cardiovascular characteristics in children and adolescents with CKD.
| CKD Stage | G1 | G2–G4 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24-h ABPM | N = 50 | N = 26 | N = 76 |
| 24-h systolic BP | 109 (101–116) | 120 (112–135) * | 112 (103–121) |
| 24-h diastolic BP | 63 (58–66) | 65 (61–72) * | 64 (59–68) |
| SBP load | 2.5 (0–15) | 21 (2.8–45.3) * | 4 (2–27.8) |
| DBP load | 2 (0–7.2) | 5 (0–16.3) * | 2 (0–8) |
| Abnormal ABPM profile (with any of the following abnormalities) | 26 (52%) | 22 (85%) * | 48 (63%) |
| Average 24-h BP > 95th percentile | 4 (8%) | 7 (27%) * | 11 (15%) |
| Average daytime BP > 95th percentile | 4 (8%) | 8 (31%) * | 12 (16%) |
| Average nighttime > 95th percentile | 8 (16%) | 10 (39%) * | 18 (24%) |
| BP load ≥ 25% | 17 (34%) | 20 (77%) * | 37 (49%) |
| Nocturnal decrease of BP < 10% | 19 (38%) | 13 (50%) | 32 (42%) |
| cIMT, mm | 0.3 (0.3–0.4) | 0.3 (0.3–0.4) | 0.3 (0.3–0.4) |
| PWV, m/s | 3.8 (3.4–4.2) | 4 (3.6–4.8) * | 3.85 (3.53–4.38) |
| FMD, % | 8.3 (3.4–12.9) | 4.6 (2.6–15.4) | 7.8 (3.2–12.9) |
| AASI | 0.37 (0.22–0.43) | 0.39 (0.33–0.48) | 0.36 (0.24–0.44) |
| LV mass, g | 87.5 (66.5–115) | 123 (73.7–159) * | 94.9 (66.5–127) |
| LVMI, g/m2.7 | 30.7 (25.6–37.2) | 31 (28.6–39) | 30.9 (26.1–38.2) |
Data are given as median (25th percentile–75th percentile) or n (%) as appropriate. * p < 0.05 by the Chi-square test. ABPM = 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. cIMT = carotid artery intima-media thickness. PWV = pulse wave velocity. FMD = flow-mediated dilatation. AASI = ABPM-derived arterial stiffness index. LVMI = left ventricular mass index.