Table 1.
Subjects’ demographic and behavioral characteristics by Italian regions.
| Apulia (N = 12) | Lazio (N = 10) | Lombardy (N = 9) | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | Median [IQR] | 37.0 [35.0–44.2] | 26.0 [24.0–29.0] | 42.0 [39.0–47.0] | 0.005 * |
| Range | 28–65 | 24–46 | 29–74 | ||
| Gender—N (%) | Males | 6 (50.0) | 6 (60.0) | 3 (33.3) | 0.542 # |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | Mean ± SD | 22.8 ± 2.3 | 22.3 ± 3.0 | 21.7 ± 3.5 | 0.723 $ |
| Range | 19.1–28.1 | 17.2–26.9 | 16.5–28.4 | ||
| BMI (WHO classification)—N (%) | Underweight (<18.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (20.0) | 2 (22.2) | 0.528 # |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 10 (83.3) | 7 (70.0) | 6 (66.7) | ||
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (10.0) | 1 (11.1) | ||
| Diet (%) | Mediterranean | 11 (91.7) | 5 (50.0) | 7 (77.8) | 0.149 # |
| Hypercaloric | 1 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (11.1) | ||
| Hypocaloric | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | 1 (11.1) | ||
| Vegetarian | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Iperproteic (meat) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Carbohydrates and proteins, little vegetables | 0 (0.0) | 2 (20.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Smoking (n.cigarettes/day) | Median [IQR] | 0.0 [0.0–0.8] | 0.0 [0.0–1.5] | 0.0 [0.0–11.0] | 0.764 * |
| Range | 0–12 | 0–5 | 0–17 | ||
| Smokers (yes vs. no)—N (%) | Yes | 3 (25.0) | 3 (30.0) | 3 (33.3) | 1.000 # |
| Alcohol—N (%) | None | 3 (25.0) | 4 (40.0) | 1 (11.1) | 0.336 # |
| Little (1 occasional glass) | 9 (75.0) | 5 (50.0) | 6 (66.7) | ||
| Moderate (1–2 glasses/day) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (10.0) | 2 (22.2) | ||
| Physical activity—N (%) | None | 4 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (55.6) | 0.051 # |
| Little | 5 (41.7) | 3 (30.0) | 2 (22.2) | ||
| Moderate | 3 (25.0) | 7 (70.0) | 2 (22.2) | ||
SD: Standard deviation; IQR: Interquartile range (i.e., first-third quartiles); * p-value from Kruskal-Wallis test; $ p-value from ANOVA model; # p-value from Fisher exact test.