Table 1.

Studies assessing glucagon’s effect on energy expenditure in humans.

Glucagon Administration	Increase in Circulating Glucagon	Co-Infusion	Prandial State	Delta EE (kcal/day)	Ref.
6 ng/kg/min; infused	3.5-fold	Somatostatin; Insulin (0.15 mU/kg/min)	Overnight fasted	+75	[22]
6 ng/kg/min; infused	3.5-fold	Somatostatin; Insulin (0.45 mU/kg/min)	Overnight fasted	No effect	[22]
3 ng/kg/min; infused	5-fold	Somatostatin	Overnight fasted	+240	[18]
3 ng/kg/min; infused	5–6-fold	--	Meal right before infusion	No effect	[19]
0.7 mg; intranasal	Transient 2-fold	--	Overnight fasted	+207	[23]
50 ng/kg/min; infused	25-fold	--	Meal 2 h before infusion	+150	[20]
50 ng/kg/min; infused	not shown	--	Overnight fasted	+230	[21]