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Changes in the venous wall after surgery: The vasa vasororum disruption creates a new oxygen gradient. The vasa vasorum in the adventitia provides oxygenated blood to the wall, whereas the intima is in contact with a venous blood low in oxygen. During surgery, the vein is dissected, disrupting the vasa vasorum, and potentially decreasing oxygen levels. On the other side, oxygenated arterial blood mixed to venous blood potentially creates an inversion of the oxygen gradient.
