Table 2.
Effect of treatment allocation on the health measures outcomes at 6 weeks while controlling for measures at baseline *.
| Health Measures | Waitlist (WL) Control (Usual Care) n = 10 | Intervention n = 22 | Adjusted between Group Differences1 Comparing Scores between WL and Intervention at Week 6 | p-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VR−36 quality of life | Baseline | 6-wk follow-up | Baseline | 6-wk follow-up | (95% confidence interval) | |
| VR-36 physical component summary | 36.7 (10.4) | 35.7(12.10) | 30.3 (8.9) | 38.2 (10.3) | 6.9 (−0.3, 14.2) | 0.06 |
| VR-36 mental component summary | 40.5 (14.1) | 41.1 (12.8) | 38.4 (12.1) | 49.2 (9.3) | 9.5 (3.1, 15.8) | 0.003 |
| physical functioning | 59.4 (28.8) | 63.5 (30.4) | 43.8 (20.0) | 59.5 (26.7) | 2.7 (−18.1, 23.5) | 0.8 |
| role-physical | 54.6 (37.2) | 45.0 (36.9) | 35.6 (29.3) | 61.9 (29.9)] | 27.6 (6.9, 48.3) | 0.009 |
| bodily pain | 44.0 (29.1) | 36.0 (28.0) | 32.1 (26.2) | 56.2 (27.0) | 26.4 (8.5, 44.4) | 0.004 |
| general health | 40.9 (27.3) | 38.5 (31.1) | 27.3 (18.5) | 45.7 (24.2) | 20.7 (9.2, 32.3) | < 0.001 |
| vitality | 32.0 (25.3) | 30.0 (28.6) | 23.3 (23.1) | 53.9 (25.2) | 31.2 (15.6, 46.9) | < 0.001 |
| social functioning | 46.6 (35.0) | 52.5 (32.2)′ | 36.9 (27.7) | 64.2 (26.5) | 15.9 (−3.9, 35.7) | 0.1 |
| role-emotional | 61.7 (34.5) | 59.2 (41.1) | 53.0 (31.3) | 68.9 (26.1) | 15.2 (−4.9, 35.2) | 0.1 |
| mental health | 58.0 (24.2) | 59.6 (25.6) | 53.0 (22.2) | 73.8 (18.4) | 17.7 (5.3, 30.0) | 0.005 |
| Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory | ||||||
| general fatigue | 15.3 (5.3) | 15.7 (3.6) | 17.4 (2.6) | 12.8 (4.8) | −4.3 (−7.4, −1.3) | 0.006 |
| physical fatigue | 12.5 (5.7) | 14.6 (4.8) | 16.2 (4.0) | 13.1 (4.7) | −3.5 (−6.9, −0.2) | 0.04 |
| reduced activity | 12.4 (4.7) | 15.4 (4.9) | 15.2 (4.3) | 12.8 (4.4) | −4.0 (−7.3, −0.7) | 0.02 |
| reduced motivation | 11.8 (3.8) | 12.2 (3.2) | 13.7 (4.0) | 10.2 (3.9) | −3.1 (−5.6, −0.5) | 0.02 |
| mental fatigue | 15.4 (4.6) | 16.2 (4.5) | 14.6 (2.8) | 10.4 (4.0) | −5.7 (−8.7, −2.7) | < 0.001 |
| SF McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 | ||||||
| Total pain score | 3.9 (2.5) | 3.0 (2.0) | 4.2 (1.8) | 2.1 (1.5) | −1.1 (−2.0, −0.2) | 0.02 |
| Kansas GWI case criteria | ||||||
| Total of six domains score | 4.7 (0.7) | 3.3 (1.8) | 4.5 (5.3) | 2.7 (3.7) | −0.5 (−1.9, 0.9) | 0.5 |
| Proportion positive | 10/10 (100%) |
8/10 (80%) |
22/22 (100%) |
11/22 (50%) |
||
Abbreviations: VR-36 = Veterans RAND 36-Item Health Survey, SF McGill Pain Q-2 = Short form McGill Pain questionnaire version 2, ANCOVA = analysis of covariance. * Data are expressed as estimates and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for baseline values. Positive changes for the VR-36 S scores indicate improvement while negative changes for the SF McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory indicate improvement.