TABLE 4.
Changes in characteristics of participants with and without incidence of serious chronic disease between year 0 and year 3 in the WHI cohort1
| Diagnosis of serious chronic disease between year 0 and year 3 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 56,374) | Yes (n = 3536) | ||||||
| Characteristic | Year 0 | Year 3 | Year 3–year 0 difference | Year 0 | Year 3 | Year 3–year 0 difference | Yes-no year 3–year 0 difference |
| Chocolate intake, oz/mo | 5.19 ± 9.65 | 5.56 ± 9.89 | 0.37 ± 10.04 | 5.40 ± 9.79 | 4.95 ± 9.62 | –0.44 ± 10.33 | –0.81 ± 10.06**** |
| Energy intake, kcal/d | 1590.8 ± 578.7 | 1525.4 ± 558.2 | –65.5 ± 519.2 | 1647.9 ± 622.4 | 1537.5 ± 575.4 | –110.4 ± 556.0 | –44.98 ± 521.4**** |
| Fat intake, kcal/d | 54.32 ± 28.84 | 54.71 ± 28.00 | 0.39 ± 24.98 | 58.47 ± 31.70 | 56.00 ± 29.57 | –2.47 ± 26.81 | –2.86 ± 25.09**** |
| Body weight, kg | 69.82 ± 14.04 | 70.83 ± 15.56 | 1.01 ± 7.70 | 73.95 ± 16.02 | 73.63 ± 17.21 | –0.32 ± 8.42 | –1.33 ± 7.74**** |
1Serious chronic disease was defined as incidence of heart attack, stroke, heart failure, revascularization, diabetes, or cancer. P values (****<0.0001) are based on the 2-independent sample t test, with the Satterthwaite method, of the difference between participants with and without incident serious chronic disease in the difference in the characteristic between year 0 and year 3. Values are means ± SDs. Data are for participants who at baseline had no self-reported pre-existing serious chronic disease, nonextreme self-reported energy intake (<600 or >5000 kcal/d) derived from an FFQ, nonextreme values of measured BMI (kg/m2; <15 or >50) and height (<122 cm), and with no missing values for any of the characteristics in this table at year 0 or year 3. FFQ, food-frequency questionnaire; WHI, Women's Health Initiative.