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. 2019 Oct 24;20(21):5269. doi: 10.3390/ijms20215269

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Cytokine mRNA expression at the site of injury. (a) cytokine IL-6 (interleukin-6) mRNA is significantly increased in response to CCI and is significantly attenuated with CXB-NE drug therapy. (b) IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta) mRNA is significantly increased in response to CCI, and is significantly attenuated with CXB-NE drug therapy. (c) IL-18 (interleukin-18) are produced and released by multiple cell types at the site of CCI injury is significantly increased in response to CCI, and is attenuated with CXB-NE drug therapy. One-way ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc analysis is considered statistically significant if p value < 0.05. sham = 6, CCI CXB-NE n = 8, CCI DF-NE n = 6. ** p value ≤ 0.001; *** p value ≤ 0.0001.