IVIS analysis of JEG3 tomato tumor growth in mice. DGL/CSA-PNPs achieved potent tumor growth inhibition. (A) tumor sizes in orthotopic tumor-bearing mice were significantly reduced as a result of treatment with DGL/CSA-PNPs as compared to other groups; (B) the curve of bioluminescence intensity after DGL/CSA-PNPs, DGL/SCR-PNPs, DGL-PNPs, and saline treatment; (C,D) quantification of tumor weight and volume over 18 days; (E) survival curve of tumor-bearing mice after being treated with DGL/CSA-PNPs, DGL/SCR-PNPs, DGL-PNPs, and saline. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA and presented as mean ± standard deviation (n = 4). The “**” and “***” indicate statistically significant differences at P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively.