Table 3.
Estimated Baseline Means, Mean Changes From Baseline to 6 Months and Baseline to12 Months, and Difference of Mean Changes Between Each Intervention Group and Usual Care and Associated 95% CIs*
| Outcome | Mean Baseline |
Baseline to 6-Mo Difference (95% CI) |
Baseline to 12-Mo Difference (95% CI) |
Difference in Baseline to 12 Mo vs. Usual Care (95% CI) |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WOMAC score† | |||||
| Total | |||||
| Usual care | 35.8 | −6.2 (−8.6 to −3.9) | −6.1 (−8.6 to −3.7) | - | |
| Patient | 41.1 | −7.3 (−9.8 to −4.8) | −7.7 (−10.3 to −5.1) | −1.5 (−5.1 to 2.0) | 0.40 |
| Provider | 37.6 | −5.0 (−7.3 to −2.8) | −3.7 (−6.0 to −1.3) | 2.5 (−0.9 to 5.9) | 0.152 |
| Patient-provider | 39.8 | −8.9 (−11.3 to −6.6) | −6.8 (−9.4 to −4.3) | −0.7 (−4.2 to 2.8) | 0.69 |
| Pain subscale | |||||
| Usual care | 7.6 | −1.5 (−2.1 to −0.9) | −1.0 (−1.7 to −0.4) | - | |
| Patient | 8.8 | −1.9 (−2.5 to −1.2) | −1.5 (−2.2 to −0.8) | −0.4 (−1.4 to 0.5) | 0.37 |
| Provider | 8.0 | −1.3 (−1.9 to −0.7) | −0.8 (−1.4 to −0.1) | 0.3 (−0.7 to 1.2) | 0.60 |
| Patient-provider | 8.4 | −2.2 (−2.8 to −1.5) | −1.4 (−2.1 to −0.7) | −0.3 (−1.3 to 0.6) | 0.49 |
| Function | |||||
| Usual care | 24.7 | −4.3 (−6.1 to −2.6) | −4.6 (−6.3 to −2.8) | - | |
| Patient | 28.5 | −5.0 (−6.8 to −3.1) | −5.6 (−7.4 to −3.7) | −1.0 (−3.5 to 1.6) | 0.45 |
| Provider | 26.0 | −3.3 (−5.0 to −1.6) | −2.3 (−4.0 to −0.6) | 2.3 (−0.1 to 4.7) | 0.065 |
| Patient-provider | 27.5 | −6.1 (−7.9 to −4.3) | −4.8 (−6.6 to −3.0) | −0.2 (−2.7 to 2.3) | 0.88 |
| PHQ-8 score‡ | |||||
| Usual care | 4.0 | NA | −0.7 (−1.3 to −0.1) | - | |
| Patient | 4.8 | NA | −0.4 (−1.0 to 0.2) | 0.3 (−0.6 to 1.2) | 0.55 |
| Provider | 4.5 | NA | 0 (−0.6 to 0.5) | 0.6 (−0.2 to 1.5) | 0.136 |
| Patient-provider | 4.9 | NA | −0.6 (−1.2 to 0) | 0.1 (−0.8 to 1.0) | 0.86 |
| Physical function (SPPB score)§ | |||||
| Usual care | 8.5 | NA | 0 (−0.4 to 0.3) | - | |
| Patient | 8.3 | NA | −0.3 (−0.7 to 0.1) | −0.3 (−0.8 to 0.3) | 0.32 |
| Provider | 8.8 | NA | −0.5 (−0.8 to −0.1) | −0.4 (−1.0 to 0.1) | 0.092 |
| Patient-provider | 8.5 | NA | −0.3 (−0.7 to 0.1) | −0.3 (−0.8 to 0.3) | 0.34 |
| BMI, kg/m2|| | |||||
| Usual care | 35.6 | NA | −0.1 (−0.3 to 0.5) | - | |
| Patient | 35.0 | NA | −0.5 (−0.9 to 0) | −0.6 (−1.2 to 0.1) | 0.073 |
| Provider | 36.3 | NA | −0.6 (−1.0 to −0.2) | −0.7 (−1.2 to −0.1) | 0.022 |
| Patient-provider | 35.3 | NA | −0.4 (−0.9 to 0) | −0.6 (−1.1 to 0) | 0.069 |
| Change from baseline in weekly frequency of all exercise measured by mean CHAMPS scored¶ | |||||
| Usual care | 15.3 | NA | −1.2 (−2.7 to 0.2) | - | |
| Patient | 14.9 | NA | −0.7 (−2.2 to 0.8) | 0.5 (−1.3 to 2.3) | 0.58 |
| Provider | 14.8 | NA | −1.5 (−2.9 to −0.1) | −0.3 (−2.3 to 1.7) | 0.73 |
| Patient-provider | 12.7 | NA | 0.6 (−0.9 to 2.1) | 1.8 (−0.3 to 3.9) | 0.087 |
| Change from baseline in weekly duration of all exercise measured by mean CHAMPS score, h/wk¶ | |||||
| Usual care | 12.2 | NA | −0.6 (−2.1 to 1.0) | - | |
| Patient | 13.7 | NA | −0.7 (−2 to 3 to 0.6) | −0.1 (−2.0 to 1.7) | 0.76 |
| Provider | 12.4 | NA | −0.9 (−2.4 to 0.6) | −0.3 (−2.5 to 1.9) | 0.89 |
| Patient-provider | 10.8 | NA | −0.4 (−2.0 to 1.2) | 0.1 (−2.1 to 2.4) | 0.90 |
BMI = body mass index; CHAMPS = Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors; NA = not available; PHQ-8 = 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire; SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery; WOMAC = Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.
Calculated by hierarchical linear mixed models fit using PROC MIXED (SAS Institute). Follow-up data at 6 mo are missing for 69 participants (25 in the patient-provider group, 26 in the patient group, 11 in the provider group, and 7 in the usual care group) and at 12 mo for 102 participants (37 in the patient-provider group, 31 in the patient group, 16 in the provider group, and 18 in the usual care group).
Data for the total and physical function scores are missing for 3 participants (1 at baseline, 1 in the patient group at 6 mo, and 1 in the provider group at 12 mo).
Data are missing for 13 participants (2 at baseline, 3 in the patient-provider group, 3 in the patient group, 2 in the provider group, and 3 in the usual care group at 12 mo).
Data are missing for 65 participants (15 at baseline, 11 in the patient-provider group, 11 in the patient group, 17 in the provider group, and 11 in the usual care group at 12 mo).
Data are missing for 48 participants (11 in the patient-provider group, 10 in the patient group, 16 in the provider group, and 11 in the usual care group at 12 mo).
Data for frequency and duration of exercise are missing for 10 participants (2 in the patient-provider group, 3 in the patient group, 2 in the provider group, and 3 in the usual care group at 12 mo). Mean baseline CHAMPS scores are observed, because outcome in models was changed from baseline to 12 mo. Only patients with nonmissing change scores were included in the observed baseline CHAMPS score means.